http://www.pakalertpress.com/2013/01/03/belgian-environmental-study-corroborates-existence-and-effects-of-weather-modification/
Making a distinction between four different types of man-made “clouds” – contrails, chemtrails, distrails (the tunnel produced when a plane passes through a stable cloud), and wingtip vortices (the vortex caused by planes flying at high speed) – the study focuses on contrails and chemtrails.
Thus, the report defines chemtrails by stating,
Belgian Environmental Study Corroborates Existence and Effects of Weather Modification
January 3, 2013
Brandon Turbeville
AP
AP
Even as the mainstream media and a
television-obsessed American public refuse to admit the existence of
chemtrails and government-sponsored weather modification
programs, the evidence continues to mount with ever-increasing speed
that not only do these programs exist, but they are also effective and
widespread.
In addition to the recent study published in Environmental Research Letters entitled, “Cost Analysis of Stratospheric Albedo Modification Delivery Systems,”
where the costs of delivering tonnes of aerosols into the stratosphere
were examined in terms of a variety of different means, a 2010 study
undertaken on behalf of the Belfort Group, a Belgian “environmental
watchdog” organization, also corroborates much of the information
compiled by citizens and activists the world over regarding the
existence of chemtrails and stratospheric weather modification programs.
The study, entitled, “Contrail Science, Its Impact On Climate and Weather Manipulation Programs Conducted By The United States And Its Allies,”
seeks to highlight “the specific problems associated with contrails
emitted by aircraft, the manipulation for defense purposes of some of
these trails by the United States government and the subsequent effect
on quality of life.”Making a distinction between four different types of man-made “clouds” – contrails, chemtrails, distrails (the tunnel produced when a plane passes through a stable cloud), and wingtip vortices (the vortex caused by planes flying at high speed) – the study focuses on contrails and chemtrails.
Thus, the report defines chemtrails by stating,
Chemtrail is the contraction of
‘chemical trail’ and is used by some sources to denote intentional
spraying by airplanes for military or political purposes and that may be
harmful to public health. A more general name is ‘aviation smog,’ which
combines contrails, distrails, and ‘chemtrails.’ Authors referring to
chemtrails claim that this phenomena is much more persistent than
contrails and when sprayed in a grid it is able to cover vast area’s.
Although officially denied by
government sources many countries performed tests for ‘cloud seeding’ to
either generate precipitation where it was needed or to prevent
precipitation where it is unwanted. At this moment only the Russian and
Chinese governments admit that they use particular matter in order to
manipulate weather patterns.
Divided evenly between the analysis of
the effects of contrails and chemtrails, the Belfort study details some
interesting findings regarding the effects on both the weather and
human health by traditional contrails in addition to the much more
dangerous chemtrails.
According to the study, in regards to the average daily temperature and
the overall cloud cover generated by contrails on a regular basis, a
survey of the average Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR) was conducted
during the rare period that commercial air traffic was grounded on and
in the days after September 11, 2001.
It was subsequently determined that a temperature increase of about
10 C occurred during that period in comparison with the normal values.
The report states,
The increase is larger than during the
11-14 September period for the previous 30 years, giving ammunition to
critics who state that weather conditions at this specific period were
very extraordinary and no scientific based conclusions could be taken.
However even more surprising is the fact that the 11-14 September
increase in DTR was more than twice the national average for regions in
the United States where contrail coverage has previously reported to
have been most abundant, such as the Midwest, Northeast, and Northwest
regions.
Furthermore, the report suggests that, after the resumption of normal air traffic, there was a temperature drop of 0.80 C which it then uses to justify claims that contrails and air traffic do affect climate.
The report also states that Cirrus
clouds, which are similar to the types of “cloud” formations caused by
chemtrail spraying, has a significant effect on both climate and
temperature. It reads,
The climate of the earth results
from an energy balance between absorbed sunlight and radiative losses of
heat from earth and its atmosphere to space. Clouds are an important
modulator in this balance. Clouds reflect sunlight back towards space,
which reduces the solar energy available to the earth – also called the
Albedo effect. Clouds also reduce radiative heat losses to space
(greenhouse effect). Which of these two opposing processes dominates
depends on many parameters include cloud particle composition, cloud
structure, cloud cover, and cloud location. Changes to only one of these
parameters can have significant implications for climate.
The greenhouse effect is weak for low altitude clouds, so their albedo effect dominates and they cool the Earth’s climate. In contrast, cold high altitude Cirrus clouds may either cool or warm the climate.
This will prove to be a key element whether to determine if weather
modification are being conducted on the planet in order to reduce
‘global warming.’
Cirrus clouds thus have a strong
greenhouse effect, which may outweigh their Albedo effect losses. As the
importance of both opposing effects depends critically on little
understood properties, theoretical calculations of the climatic effects
of Cirrus are controversial. The main uncertainty stems from a current
inability to calculate the scattering of sunlight in Cirrus clouds,
since they contain a multitude of ice crystal shapes and sizes, and are
irregular in structure. Even more, Stefan Kinne of the NASA Ames
Research Center states clearly that the Cirrus Albedo effect is severely
underestimated by calculations.[1]
This proves that knowledge in this
field of science is quite limited and extensive research is mandatory in
order to fully understand the impact of Cirrus clouds on climate. In
this respect it is noteworthy that evidence of thin Cirrus clouds in the
Stratosphere has already been established.[2]
With this in mind, the study
attributes a substantial amount of climate, environmental, and health
risks to the existence of basic contrails, a natural result of regular
air traffic.
However, it should also be noted
that the Belfort report seems to present an apparent confusion in
regards to its own terminology, i.e. contrails vs. chemtrails. This is
because the term “contrails” is used in some circumstances as meaning
the traditional ice trail produced by normal air traffic, and in other
circumstances as meaning the typical chemtrail.
For this reason, this writer
suggests interpreting the term “contrails” as “persistent contrails,”
since it is the lack of dissipation that would necessarily produce any
cloud creation that one usually associates with chemtrails as well as
the concerns in relation to precipitation, pollution, and large-scale
environmental and health risks.
Nevertheless, in regards to
precipitation, the Belfort report summarizes conclusions reached by
Professor D. Rosenfeld of the Institute of Earth Sciences at the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem (Israel). The report states,
The conclusion of the study group
[Professor Rosenfeld’s] is as follows: both [air pollution, particularly
with aerosols, can both increase or decrease rainfall] can be true,
depending on local environmental conditions. The amount of aerosols is
the critical factor controlling how the energy is distributed in the
atmosphere.[3] According to this survey they followed the energy flow
through the atmosphere and the way it is influenced by aerosols and
other ‘airborne’ particles. On this planet there is indeed an
interaction of energy between the different cells within the troposphere
in order to obtain a life sustaining temperature (150 C in the International Standard Atmosphere at sea level).
Aerosols act twofold: on one hand they
act like a sunscreen reducing the amount of energy reaching the ground.
Accordingly less water evaporates and the air mass at ground level
stays cooler and drier, with a reduced tendency to rise and form clouds.
Aerosols act as a sunscreen with a
subsequent reduction of energy reaching the ground. Some sources refer
to this phenomenon as ‘global dimming.’[4]
Yet, according to the Belfort report,
there are other variables regarding the connection between aerosols and
man-made/incidental precipitation. Namely, the amount of particulate
matter such as aerosols that act as nuclei for condensation. As the
Belfort report states,
. . . if there is a surplus of these condensation nuclei as a
result of natural activity (e.g. Vulcan eruption) or men’s intervention
(e.g. industrial pollution, contrails) the droplets never reach the
critical mass needed to fall to earth as precipitation because there is just not enough water to share between all the aerosol particles.
Furthermore with a rising number of droplets their overall surface
increases, which on turn increases the amount of sunlight reflected back
to space with subsequent cooling and drying of the Earth.
Going further, the Belfort report cites a separate study by a Professor Rosenberg where it summarizes his findings by writing:
In a nutshell the study of Prof. Rosenberg shows the following:
with rising pollution, the amount of precipitation at first rises, then
maxes out and finally falls off sharply at very high aerosol
concentrations. Of even more interest is his conclusion: ‘The practical
result is that in relatively clean air, adding aerosols up to the amount
that releases the maximum of available energy increases precipitation.
Beyond that point, increasing the aerosol load even further, lessens
precipitation.’
Thus, aerosol spraying can affect the climate and environment by
both increasing or decreasing precipitation and/or, inversely, causing
dehydration as well.
Professor Rosenberg further states that “The determination of this
issue is one with significant consequences in an era of climate change
and especially in areas suffering from manmade pollution and water
shortages, including Israel.” The latter part of this statement should
be very alarming to citizens of all nations, considering the fact that fresh drinking water is increasingly becoming a highly-valued asset in modern times.
Interestingly enough, the Belfort report also mentions three areas
of “man-made Cirrus” cloud ramifications that have been understudied (as
more of a political reticence than scientific) but that might very well
play a part in the changing of the climate. It states,
The obvious side effects of the formation of contrails is the
impact on astronomy. One has seldom a clear sky available for
observation in areas with dense air traffic.
With changing cloud cover and subsequent temperature drop in the
upper layer of the troposphere, hurricane activity may be increased as a
result of the released instability. It is noteworthy that storms and
major floods have more than tripled since 1981. No apparent relationship
between aircraft engine emissions, aerosols, contrails and hurricane
activity has been established yet on a scientifically basis.
It is accepted that knowledge on man made Cirrus cloud is
relatively poor and that study of the impact of contrails on the
Stratosphere is only in its initial phases. However one can assume that
it might have an impact on higher layers and the ozone layer. Ozone
depletion does not only occur as a result of industrial activity, but
also due to multiple nuclear tests conducted in the 20th century.
Considering the wide range of components necessary to conduct an
aerosol spraying campaign, for whatever purposes, there are at least
three requirements that must be met in order to conduct such a campaign
successfully according to the Belfort report. They are,
1.) Development of a reliable matrix of aerosol ingredients versus field conditions.
2.) Engineering of an efficient, reliable but low cost system in order to seed the atmosphere.
3.) Sponsorship through government agencies with a far-reaching commitment of captains of industry.
The Belfort Group thus rightly concludes that all of these elements
were in place at the time of the publication of the report (2010)
except for the reliability factor. However, the report goes on to
summarize an extensive history of geo-engineering projects since the
mid-20th Century.
Thus, while the report itself does not suggest that the reliability
factor exists, the fact that so many years of tests and attempts at
geo-engineering does provide the average reader with plenty of reasons
to believe that the reliability factor does, in fact exist. Since most
projects known to the general public are far behind the true level of
sophistication of government/military programs, one would likely be safe
in the assumption that the chemtrail/geo-engineering programs are much
more advanced than even the Belfort Group is aware of.
In the end, and after approximately seventy pages of documentation, the Belfort Group concludes the following:
1.) Manipulation of climate through modification of Cirrus clouds is neither a hoax nor a conspiracy theory,
but currently the best option in geo-engineering considered by decision
makers to counter global warming. The impact of production of
artificial Cirrus clouds on temperature and precipitation patterns is
supported by adequate hard scientific evidence.
2.) The ambition of the United States is to control the weather by
the year 2025, both for civil and military purposes (offensive and
defensive strategies). This research paper contains a proven track
record to support that statement.
3.) The technology to organize spraying actions on a global scale
is widely available. Both civil and military aviation is used for that
purpose. The mix, containing oxides of metals and chemical components,
can either be dispersed through special designed pods or directly
incorporated into the jet fuel. This research paper is well documented
in this respect.
4.) Since the patents are owned by the main defense contractor for the U.S. armed forces (Raytheon) or the U.S. Department of Defense
itself and given the history record it is obvious that current climate
manipulation programs are organized and directed by the United States
government.
5.) The spraying actions in Europe are only possible with prior
approval and intense co-ordination on top government level and industry
on executive level. The general public is intentionally kept unaware of
the existence of such projects.
6.) Although the spraying actions may be considered legal these
actions may have a potential detrimental effect on health. There is
sufficient scientific evidence available in this research paper to
support this thesis.
The report also presents four sets of recommendations in going
forward regarding chemtrails or, as the report chooses to classify them,
manmade contrails.
a.) Artificial Cirrus clouds should be classified as a separate
cloud genus by the WMO. Additional scientific research with the effects
on nature and public health on this subject should be considered.
Results – whatever the outcome – should be made public.
b.) It is unacceptable that the AWACS aircraft fleet under NATO
operates under a Luxembourg registrations without complying with civil
aviation regulations. This is a flagrant violation of the law and this
should be corrected in the near future. Given the very unfavorable
engine emission ratios of this aircraft retrofitting of these engines
should be considered as soon as practical.
c.) When considering a legal case it is better to sue an
industrial group, such as Raytheon, rather than a government agency. It
is clear for us that the responsibility of Raytheon in this respect is
far reaching with the creation of a monopoly in climate modeling or
weather as a geo-engineering or a military instrument. If possible an
international ban should be placed on such weapons.
[4] Geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/jskiles/ fliers/gif_folder/image10/ image10a.gif
d.) Although the existence of weather modification projects have
been illustrated in an adequate way in this research paper it is now the
duty of a serious politician on any level to make enquiries to the
government for public release of these spraying schemes through
aviation. It is mandatory that such a statement should include the
reason why such operations are conducted. It is not an option to hide
behind the motive of national security.
Unfortunately, with the exception of an expanded awareness of
chemtrails (or persistent man-made contrails) amongst the general
public, the recommendations made by the Belfort Group have gone
completely ignored by those in government, science, academia, and the
mainstream media ever since its publication.
Regardless, the Belfort Group’s report stands as yet one more
documented piece of the puzzle regarding the incessant spraying
campaigns now taking place worldwide on a daily basis. While immediate
action is not to be expected at this time, the Belfort Group’s report
and all other available resources, must be used by those of us who are
aware of chemtrail spraying campaigns to educate those of us who are
not.
Resources:
[1] Kinne, S., Cirrus clouds and climate, NASA Ames Research Center webpage. *Citation provided by Belfort Study.
[2] Keckhut, P., Hauchecorne, A., Bekki S., Collette, A., David C.,
and Jumelet C., Evidences of thin Cirrus clouds in the stratosphere at
mid-latitudes, Service d’ Ae’ronomie/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace,
CNRS, Verrie’res le Buisson, France, Received: 28 December 2004 –
Accepted: 17 January 2005 – Published: 21 June 2005. *Citation provided
by Belfort Study.
[3] Rosenfeld, D Does Air Pollution Increase Rainfall?, Hebrew
University of Jeruzalem, September 5, 2009. *Citation provided by
Belfort Study.
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