http://www.corbettreport.com/psyops-101-the-technology-of-psych-warfare/
by James Corbett
BoilingFrogsPost.com
November 13, 2012
As we have examined in this special series of Eyeopener reports on
psychological warfare in recent weeks, Psychological Operations, or
PSYOPS, are every bit as vital to military strategists today as they
ever were. In fact, in this age of 24/7 online access and the
possibilities for new battlegrounds in the “information battlespace”
that it affords, Psyops may be even more important than they have ever
been in “winning the hearts and minds” (or at least confusing and
stupefying the hearts and minds) of enemies the world over.
In some ways, this is precisely the point. Psyops by their very
nature tend to rely on mechanical and technological trickery to deceive
enemies or sneak propaganda past their defenses. Some of the greatest
military victories in history did not involve fighting or bloodshed at
all, but merely intimidation through demonstration of technological
superiority.
During the conquest of Gaul in the 1st century BC, Julius Caesar
encountered the problem of securing the eastern border of his newly
acquired territory from marauding Germanic tribes. The tribes would raid
Gaul when the opportunity arose and retreat back behind the natural
barrier of the Rhine River before Roman forces could retaliate. To solve
this problem, Caesar put the unparalleled engineering knowhow of
ancient Rome into a project that had never before been attempted:
bridging the Rhine.
With ingenious technology—including winch-driven stone
piledrivers—and the brute manpower of 40,000 legionaries, Caesar not
only accomplished the impossible, he accomplished it in an astonishing
10 days. Having completed the bridge, he marched his troops across to
the eastern side, burned down the villages he found there, returned
across the bridge to Gaul without a single battle and tore the bridge
down behind him.
As an example of psychological warfare, the strategy was
devestatingly effective. Without the loss of a single one of his troops
Caesar had effectively demonstrated the awe-inspiring might of the
Romans, and the message was not lost on his enemies. Gaul’s eastern
border suffered no further raids from Germanic marauders for centuries.
Although the technology has changed in the ensuing two thousand
years, the basic strategy of terrorizing an enemy via technology remains
intact. Ancient armies used drums, pipes and horns to intimidate their
opponents before battle. Doctor Richard Jordan Gatling’s
eponymous gun
was as useful for putting the fear of God into those unlucky enough to
be caught in its sites as it was in actually killing them. Hitler’s
Blitzkrieg,
or “lightning war,” strategy was a combination of intimidation and
technological superiority that helped the Nazis gain the upper hand in
the early years of World War II. The much-touted “
shock and awe”
strategy of the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 employed the same
concept: enemy resistance can be drastically reduced by a sudden,
overwhelming display of technology and force.
As technology has grown ever more sophisticated, however, so too has
the ambitions of these psychological operations grown. Whereas
traditional psyops have attempted merely to intimidate, bewilder or
demoralize enemies into laying down their arms, modern technologies have
opened up the possibility of actually controlling the mind of an
opponent directly through electronic, chemical, or other means.
The quest to control the mind of an unwitting subject has long been
the stuff of science fiction, but for at least 60 years it has been the
subject of active research by some of the most covert programs of the
intelligence agencies and militaries of the world’s superpowers. Perhaps
the best known such example revolves around
MK-ULTRA,
a top secret and still-mysterious CIA operation to test methods of
manipulating, brainwashing or controlling the minds of subjects through
drugs, hypnosis and shock therapy. The program’s goals included finding
substances, materials or methods for producing amnesia, dissociation,
severe disorientation or unconsciousness in subjects, with the ultimate
aim being to find a “wonder drug” or formula for producing the perfect
“Manchurian Candidate,” a robot-like automaton who could be made to do
an agent’s bidding upon command.
The project began in 1953 under the supervision of
Sidney Gottleieb,
a chemist and poison expert in the Technical Services Staff. The
program acted as an umbrella project for 149 sub-projects carried out at
80 institutions, including universities and medical centres across the
US from Boston Psychopathic to the University of Illinois Medical School
to Mt. Sinai Hospital at Columbia University. Many of these experiments
involved giving unwitting test subjects large doses of LSD without
their knowledge and observing the results, or bribing hospitalized drug
addicts with pure morphine or heroin in return for their participation
in tests that included keeping some subjects on LSD for 77 days
straight.
The most notorious of the MK-ULTRA sub-projects involved a program at
the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal, Canada, headed by
Dr. Ewan Cameron.
Working with the CIA and the Canadian military, and partially funded by
the Rockefeller Foundation, Cameron engaged in decades of research that
included torturing subjects for weeks or months on end though coercive
interrogations, hypnosis, electroshock therapy, inducing week or month
long comas through forced druggings, and subjecting his human guinea
pigs to constant tape loops of noises or repetitive statements. The
patients, many of whom had been admitted for mild anxiety disorders or
postpartum depression, were left permanently debilitated.
Although the project was eventually ruled unsuccessful and shut down
in 1973, when many of its records were destroyed, the research resulted
in many insights into psychological resistance and the breakdown of
personality that have since been incorporated into torture techniques
that have been used in CIA interrogations around the world. Some,
including CIA whistleblower
Victor Marchetti,
have stated that the CIA’s claim that it abandoned MK-ULTRA was a cover
story, and that research into mind control continued long after the
project was officially abandoned.
Part of the problem in understanding how psychological warfare
methods are being employed today is precisely that this research is done
under cover of secrecy by intelligence agencies and military personnel
in projects that are only ever exposed decades after the fact, if at
all. For a clue as to where the cutting edge of psych warfare currently
lies, we have to turn to reports of those technologies that are now
finding commercial application and are starting to be incorporated into
our everyday lives.
Minority Report is a 2002 Hollywood sci-fi movie from
director Steven Spielberg presenting a dystopian future of pre-crime,
total surveillance and police state technology. Unlike many science
fiction fantasies, however, the technology depicted in the film has
already proven remarkably prescient. From statistical analysis programs
like IBM’s
Blue CRUSH
which purports to be able to predict criminal “hotspots” to drone
technologies that are beginning to look more and more like the police
tracking robots depicted in the movie, Minority Report has proven time
and again to have been ahead of the curve in predicting technology. This
is not accidental. During the film’s pre-production in 1999, Spielberg
invited a panel of experts to a three-day “
think tank”
in Santa Monica, California. Including architects, biomedical
researchers and computer scientists, the group wrote the “2054 bible,”
an 80-page book detailing the most likely technological, sociological,
architectural and political changes of the next half century.
One of the most chilling examples of a technology that it got right
was the image of the face-recognition advertising billboards. The
billboards read the faces of passersby and then beam advertisements
directly into their ear so that only they can hear them.
Billboards that beam sound directly into the ear of passersby have been in use since 2007. The first one
appeared in SoHo in 2007
in an advertisement for the A&E series, Paranormal State. They have
since been used in billboards, vending machines and other advertising
venues around the world.
Facial recognition advertisements, meanwhile, are slowly becoming a reality. In 2010, NEC rolled out
facial-recognition advertising billboards
that can tell gender, ethnicity and approximate age of those looking at
them and tailor advertisements to suit. Earlier this year, GM announced
a patent which will allow it to tailor highway billboards to individual
cars by accessing their OnStar data for their last navigational input
and crafting an appropriate advertisement based on that data.
Another technological development of note in recent years is the drastic improvements in hologram technology that have allowed
Prince Charles to give a speech to an energy summit in Dubai from Clarence House in the UK, CNN anchors to interact with
holographic reporters, buildings to
move, morph and dance before the eyes of amazed spectators, and Tupac Shakur to
rise from the dead for a show-stopping performance at Coachella.
All of these technologies, and the many, many more that are coming to
market at an increasingly bewildering pace, doubtless represent just
the tip of the iceberg of cutting edge technologies. What devices are
being worked on behind the scenes in military or intelligence research
labs funded by off-budget, classified programs we can, of course, not
even begin to speculate. But the utility of even these technologies that
we do no about for the perpetrators of psych warfare should be obvious.
The idea of using holographic technology in psychological operations,
for example, has been openly discussed by the US Air Force since 1996,
when they produced
a report
detailing plans for an “Airborne Holographic Projector” that could
create a virtual aircraft to deceive a potential enemy about the size,
strength and location of an attacking force. In 2007, Jon Ronson
reported
on a leaked US Air Force report proposing a “Prophet Hologram” which
would project an “image of an ancient god over an enemy capitol whose
public communications have been seized and used against it in a massive
psychological operation.”
Arthur C. Clarke once famously wrote that “Any sufficiently advanced
technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Surely this is obvious from
the example of Caesar crossing the Rhine. Whereas the sight of Caesar’s
legionaries constructing such a bridge—impressive as it might be—would
hardly strike us as magical or superhuman, we can well imagine the sense
of awe and dread it must have instilled in the poor Germanic tribes who
were looking on as it was built. In the same way, how would billions
around the world react were the Messiah to appear in the heavens above
the Dome of the Rock and speak to them in their own language in a voice
that was beamed directly into their ear?
This is the problem of perspective that always presents itself in the
case of secret and classified government programs. Believing that we
know all of the technology that is available to be used against us, and
believing that we know precisely what our governments are capable of, we
assume that such psychological operations would never work against us.
Thousands of years of history, however, show that this is a delusion
bred of our own ignorance, a delusion that helps to make the
psychological operations, once they are launched, that much more
effective.