Sunday, February 14, 2016

How Big Pharma gets away with selling crystal meth to children: By renaming it 'Adderall'

by David Gutierrez, http://www.naturalnews.com/052954_Big_Pharma_amphetamine_drugs_Adderall.html
(NaturalNews) In a recent appearance on All In with Chris Hayes on MSNBC, drug abuse and addiction expert Carl Hart of Columbia University made a shocking claim: There isn't much difference between the demonized street drug methamphetamine (also known as meth or crystal meth) and the prescription drug Adderall.
It's not the first time Hart has raised this idea. In a 2014 report, Hart and co-authors Joanne Csete and Don Habibi, also from Columbia, examined in depth the effects of meth on the brain, concluding that there is no discernible difference in the effects of any amphetamine, whether prescription or illicit.

FDA says meth OK for ADHD, weight loss

First, some definitions: Amphetamines are a class of chemicals that are used both medically and recreationally. The street drug known as "meth" may refer to either methamphetamine or dextroamphetamine. "Crystal meth" is a more specific form, methamphetamine hydrochloride.

The authors of the report note that both popular and scientific literature regularly make meth out to be much stronger and more addictive than other amphetamines.

"Such statements, however, are inconsistent with the empirical evidence," they wrote. " In carefully controlled laboratory studies of human research participants, [dextroamphetamine] and methamphetamine produce nearly identical physiological and behavioral effects.... They both increase blood pressure, pulse, euphoria, and desire to take the drug in a dose-dependent manner. Essentially, they are the same drug."

That means amphetamine drugs such as Adderall — prescribed to treat narcolepsy and "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder" (ADHD) in children as young as two — are in fact no different in action from meth. In fact, the active ingredients of Adderall are actually 75 percent dextroamphetamine salts; the other 25 percent are other amphetamines. That's why the drug is also used to enhance mental and athletic performance, and recreationally to produce a euphoric "high."

There's another FDA-approved drug that's even closer to crystal meth: the active ingredient of Desoxyn is methamphetamine hydrochloride — which is, literally, crystal meth. Desoxyn is approved for treatment of ADHD (even in the absence of any nervous system dysfunction) and as a weight-loss drug.

The absurdities of Drug War politics

That means that Adderall, Desoxyn and other prescription amphetamines likely carry the same risks as meth. According to Hart and colleagues, one of the main risks of long-term amphetamine use is toxicity to the brain cells that produce dopamine and other monoamine neurotransmitters. This appears to occur because large doses of amphetamine abnormally boost dopamine levels in the brain, leading to the production of cell- and DNA-destroying free radicals.

"This, in turn, could lead to persistent deficits in the functioning of dopamine-containing cells," the researchers wrote.

They note that recreational drug users may be somewhat insulated from this effect, because they tend to start with small doses and increase their usage over time. The worst effects in animal studies were seen in drug-naive animals given a large dose repeatedly.

The authors do not mention if this could happen to children abruptly given high doses of ADHD drugs.

Other known risks of long-term amphetamine use include stroke and "paranoia mimicking full-blown psychosis."

Hart and colleagues note that the artificial division between meth and drugs such as Adderall is typical of the politics-driven "War on Drugs." In 1986, for example, Congress passed a law making the penalties for crack possession 50 times more severe than the penalties for cocaine. But these are chemically the same drug and produce identical effects. The only major difference is that crack is typically smoked rather than snorted, leading to higher blood concentrations of the active ingredient.

"To punish crack users more harshly than powder users is analogous to punishing those who are caught smoking marijuana more harshly than those caught eating marijuana-laced brownies," the researchers wrote.

Sources for this article include:

OpenSocietyFoundations.org[PDF]

Drugs.com

RxList.com

Drugs.com

Are Americans Too Insouciant To Survive?

Region:
In-depth Report:

160117221924-democratic-debate-clinton-sanders-healthcare-plan-bts-vstan-orig-cws-02-00004414-large-169
When one looks at the deplorable state of the world, one cannot help but wonder at the insouciance of the American people.  Where are they?  Do they exist or are they a myth?  Have they been put to sleep by an evil demon? Are they so lost in The Matrix that they cannot get out?
Ever since Clinton’s second term the US has been consistently acting internationally and domestically as a criminal, disregarding its own laws, international laws, the sovereignty of other countries, and the US Constitution.  A worse criminal government has never existed.  Yet, Americans remain subservient to the criminals that they have placed in power over themselves.
According to polls, Hillary Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders are splitting the Democratic vote 50-50 as preferred Democratic presidential candidate. This is extraordinary.
Hillary Clinton represents the interests of Wall Street and the mega-banks, the Israel Lobby, and the interests of the military/security complex.  These interests are totally opposed to the interests of the American people.
In his book, What’s the Matter with Kansas, Thomas Frank raised the question of why Americans vote against their own interests?  Why do
Americans go to the voting both and do themselves in?
Whether you agree with Thomas Frank’s answer or not, Americans do, on a regular basis, harm themselves by voting for people who are agents of vested interests diametrically opposed to the interests of American citizens.
How is it possible, if Democrats are informed people, that half of them prefer Hillary Clinton?  Between February 2001 and May 2015 Bill and Hillary collected $153 million in speaking fees.  The fees averaged $210,795 per speech.
I can remember when Bill and Hillary were in public office when their speeches were free. No one wanted to listen to them when the speeches were free.  Clearly, Bill is being paid off for his past services to the powerful interest groups that control the United States, and Hillary is being paid off for her future service to the same groups.
How then is it possible that half of Democrats would prefer Hillary?  Is it because she is a woman and women want a woman president more than they want their civil liberties, peace, and employment for themselves, their spouses and their children?
Or is it because, given the presstitute character of the American media, the people haven’t a clue?
If you vote for Hillary, you are voting for someone who has been paid off to the tune of $153 million by powerful vested interests who have no concern whatsoever for your interests.  In addition, Hillary has the necessary campaign funds from the powerful interest groups for her presidential nomination campaign. As if this isn’t damning enough, Hugh Wharton writes that the National Democratic Committee is in league with Hillary to steal, if necessary, the nomination from Sanders and the voters.
In contrast, the interest groups who rule America are not contributing to Sanders.
Therefore, the choice of Sanders is obvious, but 50% of Democrats are too braindead to  see it.
Although Hillary is a substantial threat to America, the threat of nuclear war is much greater, and the Democratic Obama regime in the hands of neoconservatives has just greatly amplified the threat of nuclear war.
The United States government, or perhaps we should say the exploiter and deceiver of the American people, has announced a three-fold increase in its military presence on Russia’s borders.  The excuse for this great boost in the profits and power of the US military-security complex is “Russian aggression.”
But there is no sign of this aggression. So Washington and its servile presstitutes in the Western media make it up. They proclaim a lie.
“Russia invaded Ukraine” proclaims the propaganda.  No mention is made of Washington’s coup in Ukraine that overthrew a democratically elected government and began a war against the Russian populations of eastern and southern Ukraine, former provinces of Russia added to the Ukrainian Soviet Republic by Soviet leaders. In the presstitute media, no mention is made of Washington’s intention of seizing Russia’s only warm water port in Crimea on the Black Sea.
Having created a nonexistant Russian invasion in place of the real US coup in Ukraine in the minds of the indoctrinated Americans, Washington now claims that Russia is going to invade the Baltics and Poland.  Nothing could be further from the truth, but this lie from the Obama regime now determines that the US military presence on Russia’s borders will increase three-fold.
The escalation of the US/NATO threat on Russia’s borders forces a Russian response.  Considering that the Russophobic governments in Poland and the Baltic States have unstable judgement, military buildups bring risks of miscalculations.
There is a limit to the level of threat that the Russian government can tolerate. The impotent Obama is in the firm grip of the neoconservatives and the military-security complex. The neoconservatives are motivated by their ideology of American world hegemony. The military-security complex is motivated by power and profit.  These motives bring the United States and its vassals into conflict with Russia’s (and China’s) sovereign existence.
Within the councils of American foreign policy there is not sufficient weight to counter the neoconservative drive to war with Russia and China.  In conventional war, the US is not a military match for the Russian/Chinese strategic alliance.  Therefore, the war would be nuclear.  The power of hydrogen bombs is immensely more powerful that the atomic bombs that the US dropped on Japan.  Nuclear war means the end of life on earth.
Americans can know that democracy has failed them, because there is no check on the neoconservatives’ ability to foment war with Russia and China.
The neocons control the press, and the press portrays Russia as “an existential threat to the United States.”  Once this fiction is drilled into the brains of Americans, it is child’s play for propagandists to create endless fears that deplete taxpayers of income in order to create profits for the military-security complex by relaunching the Cold War and an armaments race.
That is what is currently going on.  The inability of Americans to realize that they are being taken into a conflict that benefits only the profits and power of the military-security complex and the ideology of a small group of crazies demonstrates the impotence of American democracy.
Universities and think tanks are replete with ambitious people who, chasing grants and influence, fuel the Russophobic hysteria.  For example, on February 9 the Washington Post published an article by Michael Ignatieff, the Edward R. Murrow professor at Harvard University’s Kennedy School, and Leon Wieseltier, the Isaiah Berlin Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington. The article is a complete misrepresentation of the facts in Syria and called for US measures that would result in military conflict with Russia. It was irresponsible for the Washington Post to publish the article, but the decision is consistent with the Post’s presstitute nature.
The propaganda line maintained by the US government, the neoconservatives, the military/security complex, the presstitutes, and fiction-writers such as Ignatieff and Wieseltier is that Russia is not bombing the Islamic State jihadists who are attempting to overthrow the Syrian government in order to establish a jihadish state that would threaten the Middle East, Iran, and Russia herself.  The official line is that the Russians are bombing the democratic “rebels” who are trying to overthrow an alleged “brutal Syrian dictator.”  The conflict that the US government started by sending ISIS to Syria to overthrow the Syrian government is blamed on the Russian and Syrian governments.
Ignatieff and Wieseltier say that the US has put its “moral standing” at risk by permitting the Russians to bomb and to starve innocent women and children, as if the US had any moral standing after destroying seven countries so far in the 21st century, producing millions of dead and displaced persons, many of whom are now overrunning Europe as refugees from Washington’s wars.
The recently retired head of the Defense Intelligence Agency, Michael Flynn, has said that the Obama regime made a “willful decision” to support ISIS and use ISIS against the Assad government in Syria.  That the violence in Syria originated in a US/ISIS conspiracy against Syria is ignored by Ignatieff and Wieseltier.  Instead, they blame Russia despite the fact that it is Russia’s air support for the Syrian Army that has rolled back ISIS.
Where were Ignatieff and Wieseltier when Washington and its vassals destroyed Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Afghanistan, Yemen, much of Pakistan, overthrew the first democratically elected government in Egypt, overthrew the government in Ukraine and started a war against the Russian population, and supplied Israel with the weapons and money to steal Palestine from the Palestinians?  Where were they when Clinton destroyed Yugoslavia and Serbia? Where are they when ISIS murders Syrians and eats the livers of its executed victims?
It would  be interesting to know who financed the professorship in Edward R. Murrow’s name and the fellowship in Isiah Berlin’s name and how these positions came to be staffed with their current occupants.
Reagan and Gorbachev brought the Cold War to an end.  The George H.W. Bush administration supported the end of the Cold War and gave further guarantees to Russia.  But Clinton attacked Serbia, a Russian ally and broke the agreement that NATO would not expand into Eastern Europe to Russia’s border.  When the neoconservatives’ plans to invade Syria and to attack Iran were frustrated by Russian diplomacy, the neocons turned on Russia with fury.
In 1961 President Eisenhower warned the American people of the threat posed by the military-security complex. That was 55 years ago.  This complex is so strong today that it is able to divert massive taxpayer resources to its coffers while the living standard and economic prospects of the American people decline.
The military/security complex requires an enemy.  When the Cold War ended, the “Muslim Threat” was created. This “threat” has now been superceded by the “Russian Threat,” which is much more useful in keeping Europe in line and in scaring people with prospective invasions and nuclear attacks that are far beyond the power and reach of jihadists.
Superpower America required a more dangerous enemy than a few lightly armed jihadists, so the “Russian threat” was created.  To drive home the threat, Russia and her president are constantly demonized.  The conclusion is unavoidable that the insouciant American people are being prepared for war.

Paul Craig Roberts has had careers in scholarship and academia, journalism, public service, and business. He is chairman of The Institute for Political Economy.

President John F. Kennedy and His Brother Robert Kennedy Were Murdered By The Military-Security Complex

Region:
Kennedy_brothers
Presstitute Media, such as the UK Telegraph, spend a lot of energy debunking exposés of government conspiracies. For example, the thousands of highrise architects, structural engineers, physicists, nano-chemists, demolition experts, first responders, military and civilian pilots, and former government officials who have provided vast evidence that the official story of 9/11 is a made-up fairy tale at odds with all evidence and the laws of physics are dismissed by presstitutes as “conspiracy theorists.”
Similarly, those, such as James W. Douglass, who have proven beyond all doubt that President John F. Kennedy was not assassinated by Oswald but by his own paranoid anti-communist military-security complex, are dismissed as conspiracy theorists.
The 9/11 Commission Report and the Warren Commission Report were cover-ups. VP Dick Cheney and the neoconservatives he sponsored needed a “new Pearl Harbor” in order to begin their military assaults on the Middle Eastern countries that had independent foreign policies instead of being US/Israeli vassals. 9/11 was their orchestrated “new Pearl Harbor,” and this fact had to be covered up when 9/11 families persisted in their demands for an investigation and could not be bought off for large sums of money.
Similarly, the Warren Commission had no choice but to cover up that a popular American president, John F. Kennedy, had been murdered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the CIA, and the Secret Service, because he was believed by paranoid anti-communists to be “soft on communism” and thereby a threat to the security of the United States. The cold war was on, and the Warren Commission could not hold those responsible accountable without destroying the public’s confidence in the American military and security services.
Nevertheless everyone aware of the forged case against Oswald knew what had happened. One of these people was Attorney General Robert Kennedy, JFK’s brother.
Bobby Kennedy understood the situation. He knew that as a member of a cover-up administration he could do nothing about it. However, he knew that if he won the presidency, he could hold accountable those security elements responsible. His brother had told him that after his reelection he was going to “break the CIA into a thousand pieces.” When the Vietnam war destroyed President Lyndon Johnson, Bobby Kennedy emerged as the next president of the US.
Bobby Kennedy was assassinated the evening that he won the California Democratic primary. Sirhan Sirhan was blamed. He was standing in front of Kennedy. He had an eight shot low caliber pistol, which he fired. He did hit Paul Shrade, who was standing next to Kennedy. But he did not hit Kennedy. Kennedy, according to the medical evidence and eye witnesses was killed from shots to his back and to the back of his head.
This was confirmed to me years ago by a distinguished journalist and documentary film maker who was standing just behind Robert Kennedy when he was shot. He told me that he felt the bullet that hit Kennedy go by his ear and saw its impact. He wrote a full report for the FBI and despite his credentials was never contacted by the investigation.
Now, last Wednesday, 48 years later, Paul Shrade has presented ironclad evidence at the parole hearing of the now 71 year old Sirhan Sirhan that Robert Kennedy was shot by someone else from the rear, not from the front where Sirhan Sirhan was standing.
You can read Paul Shrade’s statement here:http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article44184.htm 
Of course, the presstitute media will say that Paul Shrade, who was himself shot when Kennedy was assassinated, is a “conspiracy theorist.” Remember: a conspiracy theorist is anyone who on the basis of hard evidence challenges a government that blames its crime on an innocent third party.
At the time of Robert Kennedy’s assassination, the CIA was conducing mind control experiments. Experts think that Sirhan Sirhan was one of those under the CIA’s control. This would explain why Sirhan Sirhan has no memory of the event.
President John F. Kennedy had experienced in the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Chairman Lyman Lemnitzer a high level of insubordination. Lemnitzer showed in White House meetings contempt for the president. When Lemnitzer brought Kennedy the Northwoods Project to shoot down American citizens in the streets of America and to blow American airliners out of the sky in order to place the blame on Castro so that the US could invade and achieve “regime change,” a popular term of the George W. Bush regime, in Cuba, President Kennedy removed Lemnitzer as chairman and sent him to Europe as head of NATO.
Kennedy did not know about Operation Gladio, an assassination program in Europe run by NATO and the CIA. Communists were blamed for Operation Gladio’s bombings of civilians in train stations in order to erode communist political influence, especially in Italy. Thus, Kennedy’s way of getting rid of Lemnitzer put Lemnitzer in charge of this program and gave Lemnitzer a way to get rid of John Kennedy.
Anyone who thinks that democratic governments would not kill their own citizens is uninformed beyond belief. If, dear reader, you are one of these gullible people, please go to the Internet and become familiar, for example, with Operation Northwoods and Operation Gladio.
Dr. Paul Craig Roberts was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and associate editor of the Wall Street Journal. He was columnist for Business Week, Scripps Howard News Service, and Creators Syndicate. He has had many university appointments. His internet columns have attracted a worldwide following.
brainprint-system

Brainprints May Someday Replace Fingerprints and Passwords

While you’re still typing “11111111” for your password and waiting for reliable fingerprint scanners, the government and paranoid businesses are already using iris scanners and facial recognition systems for security. But the truly next-generation and potentially foolproof security systems may be based on brainprints. What are they, how do they work and when can we get them?
Passwords are becoming obsolete
Passwords are becoming obsolete
Assistant Professor of Psychology Sarah Laszlo and Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Zhanpeng Jin, researchers at Binghamton University in New York, have developed a security system based in brain imaging called Brainprint. It utilizes an electroencephalogram (EEG) cap that reads brain responses to stimuli. Lazlo and Jin found that individuals have unique responses to various photographic images. Using a large set of these responses, they developed a unique “brainprint” that they believe is foolproof.
In their tests, Lazlo and Jin showed a rapid stream (2 per second) of images (celebrity photos, words, landmarks, etc.) to subjects wearing the EEG cap. Because of their backgrounds and experiences, most people react to the images differently. Someone who was bitten by a dog has different reactions to puppies than dog lovers. Using just 500 images, the software developed by the researchers was able to correctly identify one person out of 30 100% of the time.
Iris scanners are so last month
Iris scanners are so last month
What about hacking? Couldn’t someone with super mind control (a yogi perhaps) match the brainprint of another person? The researchers tested the system by flashing a light at two people wearing the EEG caps to see if their brain responses would eventually match. They didn’t. They also tested the subjects under stress and found that their brain reactions to the same images changed, meaning a person in a stressful situation (like having a gun pointed at them) might not be able to access their ATM if it were reading brainprints instead of pin numbers.
How about if your brainprint is somehow stolen? The team says you can just use a different set of images and create a new one.
Will you be able to log on with your brain?
Will you ever be able to log on with your brain?
So when will we have brain caps attached to our smart phones, doors and ATMs? Not anytime soon. The tests were based on a small group, the hacking test was limited and it will take a long time to have large numbers of people view the images and build the databases. Plus there’s the cap, which messes your hair up a lot more than fingerprint, iris or facial scanners. Lazlo and Jin see the system being used for checkpoints at high-security locations like the Pentagon, super-secret research centers, nuclear facilities and the like.
While you’re waiting for your brainprint cap, go change your passwords.