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In this summary of Bluebird, Dr. Ross describes unethical experiments
conducted by psychiatrists to create amnesia, new identities, hypnotic access
codes, and new memories in the minds of experimental subjects. His research
is based on 15,000 pages of documents obtained under the Freedom of Information
Act. Dr. Ross is a past president of the International Society for the Study
of Dissociation. Please help to spread the word.
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and other major cover-ups, see our Resource List. For other reliable resources on mind control, visit our mind control
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a critical mass of people who demand that these activities be brought
back under Congressional control.
BLUEBIRD
Deliberate Creation of Multiple
Personality by Psychiatrists
Deliberate Creation of Multiple
Personality by Psychiatrists
By
Colin A. Ross MD
A 10-Page Summary
Historical Background
The Manchurian Candidate
is compelling evidence for the reality of therapist-created multiple personality
disorder. The condition has been created deliberately by mind control doctors.
Experiments to create Manchurian Candidate "super spies" must be understood
in their social and historical context, which is one of pervasive, systematic
mind control experimentation, not by a few isolated renegade doctors, but by
the leaders of psychiatry and the major medical schools. Because this book is
likely to provoke extreme reactions, I have taken great care to present only
facts which are fully documented and based on objective, public domain information.
Page E
The basic premise
of the book The Manchurian Candidate [1] is that a group of American
POWs in the Korean War is brainwashed while crossing through Manchuria to freedom.
They arrive back in the US amnesic for the period of brainwashing, and one of
them has been programmed to be an assassin. His target is a candidate for president
of the US. His Asian handlers control him with a hypnotically implanted trigger,
a particular playing card. P. 23
Multiple personality
disorder is now classified by the American Psychiatric Association [2] as dissociative identity
disorder. According to my definition,
the Manchurian Candidate is an experimentally created dissociative identity
disorder that meets the following four criteria:
- Created deliberately
- A new identity is implanted
- Amnesia barriers are created
- Used in simulated or actual operations
That the CIA created
Manchurian Candidates is a fact, and easy to understand and justify from a national
security perspective. I am not criticizing the CIA or the military
because I am not an expert on intelligence matters. I am a psychiatrist specializing
in dissociative disorders. Page G
BLUEBIRD
blows the whistle on extensive political abuse of psychiatry in North America
in the second half of the 20th century. Many thousands of prisoners
and mental patients were subjected to unethical mind control experiments by
leading psychiatrists and medical schools. Organized academic psychiatry has
never acknowledged this history. The network of mind control doctors involved
in BLUEBIRD has done a great deal of harm to the field of psychiatry and to
psychiatric patients. My goal is to break the ugly silence. Page K
The participation of psychiatrists and medical schools in
mind control research was not a matter of a few scattered doctors pursuing questionable
lines of investigation. Rather, the mind control experimentation was systematic,
organized, and involved many leading psychiatrists and medical schools. The
mind control experiments were interwoven with radiation experiments, and research
on chemical and biological weapons. They were funded by the CIA, Army, Navy,
Air Force, and by other agencies including the Public Health Service and the
Scottish Rite Foundation. Page F
The
psychiatrists, psychologists, neurosurgeons, and
other contractors conducting the work were imbedded in a broad network
of doctors. Much of the research was published in medical journals. The
climate was
permissive, supportive, and approving of mind control experimentation.
P. F,
1
The
work of the mind control doctors did not occur in a vacuum. The importation
of Nazi doctors to the US through secret programs like PAPERCLIP is part of
the context. After the end of World War II, German scientists and technical
experts were being held in detainment camps. The British, French,
Americans, and Russians became embroiled in highly competitive recruiting
efforts to secure the services of these German specialists. The prospect of
losing the industrial and scientific services of these German experts lead
to the creation of Project PAPERCLIP. [3][4][5]
P. 1, 3
Over 1,000 German scientists were secretly brought into the US without State
Department approval. The most famous individual brought over in this manner
was Werner von Braun, the rocket scientist. Von Braun was the head of the
German V2 rocket program. The NASA rockets that took Neil Armstrong to the
moon were built by von Braun and his colleagues. Medical doctors also came
over under PAPERCLIP. P. 3, 4
Likewise,
the Tuskeegee Syphilis Study helps us understand how mind control experimentation
was not only tolerated by medical professionals, but published in peer-reviewed
literature. [6][7]
The Study, started in Alabama in 1932, was run by the Public Health Service.
399 illiterate, poor rural black men with syphilis were recruited as subjects,
along with 201 controls without syphilis. The purpose of the Study was to
make sure the 399 men never got treatment. The subjects and their families
weren't told they had syphilis and didn't know it was treatable. They were
told that they had bad blood. P. 1, 9, 10
The cure for syphilis,
penicillin, was introduced in the early 1940's. It was withheld from the Tuskeegee
men for 30 years. The published results of the Study showed the men with untreated
syphilis were sicker and died younger than controls. [8]
How many women were infected with syphilis because these men were deliberately
not treated? How many children were born with syphilis because of the Study?
P. 11
The Tuskeegee Syphilis Study was eventually shut down in 1972 because of the
efforts of an investigative journalist. There is no evidence to suggest that
the government or the medical progression had any intention of closing the study
as of 1972. People and organizations that knew about the Study included the
Surgeon General, the American Heart Association, and the Center for Disease
Control. Throughout its 40-year course, the Tuskeegee Study was praised and
received various honors. P. 9-13
The Tuskeegee Study
establishes that a large network of doctors and organization were willing to
participate in, fund, and condone grossly unethical medical experimentation
into the 1970's. The Study proves that considerable external pressure is often
required before the medical profession takes the necessary action to terminate
such experimentation. P. 14
Unethical
radiation experiments were conducted on about 600 subjects [9][10][11]
in the US beginning in the 1940's and running into the 1970's. Many people
were injected with plutonium and exposed to other forms of radiation without
their informed consent. 18 patients were injected with plutonium in an experiment
run by the MANHATTAN PROJECT. Prisoners in Washington and Oregon state prisons
were paid to have their testicles irradiated. They got $5 a month for the
irradiation. During the experiment, which ran from 1963 to 1971, the subjects'
testicles were exposed to 600 roentgen of radiation, which is 100 times the
maximum recommended dose. P. 15-17
Clouds of radioactive
material were released into the atmosphere and tracked as they moved downwind,
often through populated areas. In one experiment code-named GREEN RUN, radioactive
iodine-131 released from the Hanford Nuclear Facility drifted over Spokane.
The cloud contained hundreds of times as much radiation as was released accidentally
at Three Mile Island in 1979. P. 17
As was true of mind
control and biological weapon research, radiation research experiments were
conducted on children and unwitting civilians. In 1961, researchers at Harvard
Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Boston University School
of Medicine gave radioactive iodine to seventy retarded children at Wrentham
State School. At Fernald School, MIT gave radioactive substances to children
by putting it in their food. No risks of radioactivity were mentioned in the
consent form signed by the parents. The consent form stated that the purpose
of the experiments was "helping to improve the nutrition of our children." P. 15, 18
Dr.
Saul Krugman of New York University and his staff deliberately injected severely
mentally retarded children at Willowbrook State School with hepatitis virus
in the 1950's and 1960's, [12] funded
by the Army Medical Research and Development Command. To date there has been
no compensation for victims of unethical biological experiments. P. 18,
19
Army doctors were
actively involved in LSD testing at least until the late 1970's. Subjects of
LSD experiments included children as young as five years old, and brain electrodes
were implanted in children as young as 11 years of age. Four of the CIA's MKULTRA
Subprojects were on children. The mind control doctors included Presidents of
the American Psychiatric Association and psychiatrists who received full-page
obituaries in the American Journal of Psychiatry. Responsibility for
the unethical experimentation lies first with the individual doctors, but also
collectively with the medical profession and with academia as a whole. P. 21
Cold War Mind
Control Experimentation
BLUEBIRD
was approved by the CIA director on April 20, 1950. In August 1951, the Project
was renamed ARTICHOKE. BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE included a great deal of work
on the creation of amnesia, hypnotic couriers, and the Manchurian Candidate.
[13][14]
ARTICHOKE documents prove that hypnotic couriers functioned effectively in
real-life simulations conducted by the CIA in the early 1950's. The degree
to which such individuals were used in actual operations is still classified.
P. 23
The BLUEBIRD and
ARTICHOKE documents available through the Freedom of Information Act, like all
such documents, are heavily redacted. A great deal of text has been whited out,
and other documents must still be entirely classified. BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE
were administered in a compartmented fashion. The details of the programs
were kept secret even form other personnel within the CIA. When asked why LSD
research done under ARTICHOKE was hidden from the CIA Committee in charge of
ARTICHOKE, Sydney Gottlieb, Chief, Medical Staff, Technical Services Division,
CIA, responded, "I imagine the only reason would have been concern for broadening
awareness of its existence." P. 25, 27
An article in the
February 18, 1979 Wilmington Sunday News Journal states: "The ARTICHOKE
interrogation was conducted in a safe house in the remote countryside staffed
by security-cleared personnel. It was conducted under medical cover of a routine
physical and psychological assessment. The Subject was transported to the safe
house in a ‘covert car.' At the safe house he was given a conventional interrogation
and then some whiskey. This was followed by two grams of Phenobarbital, which
put him to sleep. A lie detector test was given, and the Subject
was given intravenous chemicals. Following the chemically-assisted interrogation,
the ARTICHOKE techniques were applied in three stages. A false memory was introduced
into the Subject's mind without his conscious control. The procedure
was repeated again with interrogation added." P. 28
ARTICHOKE operations
involved detailed, systematic creation of specific amnesia barriers, new identities
and hypnotically implanted codes and triggers. An ARTICHOKE document dated 7
January 1953 [15] describes the experimental creation
of multiple personality in two 19-year old girls by the CIA. "H" is used as
shorthand for hypnotic, hypnotized, or hypnotism:
"These subjects have clearly
demonstrated that they can pass from a fully awake state to a deep H controlled
state via the telephone, via some very subtle signal that cannot be detected
by other persons in the room, and without the other individuals being able to
note the change. It has been clearly shown that individuals can
be induced into H by telephone, by receiving written matter, or by the use of
code, signal, or words. Control of those hypnotized can be passed from
one individual to another without great difficulty. It has also been shown by
experimentation with these girls that they can act as unwilling couriers for
information purposes, and that they can be conditioned to a point where they
believe a change in identity on their part even on the polygraph." P. 32
Another ARTICHOKE
document describes "Analogous Case #3." "A CIA Security Office employee was
hypnotized and given a false identity. She defended it hotly, denying her true
name and rationalizing with conviction the possession of identity cards made
out to her real self. Later, having had the false identity erased by suggestion,
she was asked if she had ever heard of the name she had been defending as her
own five minutes before. She thought, shook her head, and said, ‘That's a pseudo
if I ever heard one.' Apparently she had true amnesia for the entire episode."
P. 32, 33
In an experiment described in
a document entitled "SI and H experimentation [16] (25 September 1951)", two female subjects
took part in an exercise involving the planting of a bomb. Both subjects performed
perfectly and were fully amnesic for the exercise: "[Deleted] was instructed
that upon awakening, she would proceed to [deleted] room where she would
wait at the desk for a telephone call. Upon receiving the call, a person known
as "Jim" would engage her in normal conversation. During the course of the conversation,
this individual would mention a code word. When she heard this code word, she
would pass into a SI trance state, but would not close her eyes and remain perfectly
normal and continue the telephone conversation. P. 37
She was
told that upon conclusion
of the telephone conversation, she would then carry out instructions:
[Deleted] was shown an electric timing device. She was informed that
this device
was a bomb, and then instructed how to set the device. After [deleted]
learned
how to set and attach the device, she was told to take the timing
device which
was in a briefcase, and proceed to the ladies room [where] she
would be met by a girl whom she had never seen who would identify
herself by
the code word "New York." [Deleted] was then to show this individual
how
to attach and set the timing device and further instructions would be
given
that the timing device was to be carried in the briefcase to [deleted]
room,
placed in the nearest empty electric-light plug and concealed in the
bottom,
left-hand drawer of [a] desk, with the device set for 82 seconds and
turned on." P. 37, 38
The BLUEBIRD/ARTICHOKE
materials establish conclusively that full Manchurian Candidates were created
and tested successfully by physicians with TOP SECRET clearance from the CIA.
P. 61
As well as being
potential couriers and infiltration agents, the subjects could function in effect
as hypnotically controlled cameras. They could enter a room or building, memorize
materials quickly, leave the building, and then be amnesic for the entire episode.
The memorized material could then be retrieved by a handler using a previously
implanted code or signal, without the amnesia being disturbed. Hypnosis was
not the mind control doctors' only method for creation of controlled amnesia,
however. Drugs, magnetic fields, sound waves, sleep deprivation, solitary confinement,
and many other methods were studied under BLUEBIRD and ARTHICHOKE. P. 38
Another problem
addressed repeatedly in the documents is called "The Problem of Disposal of
Subjects." Several personnel recommended the use of lobotomies for this purpose,
but according to the documents this was rejected as too unethical and too high
a negative publicity risk. P. 41
The
usage of electric
shock to the brain for the creation of amnesia with hypnosis was
discussed by
an ARTICHOKE document dated 3 December 1951: "[Deleted] is reported to
be
an authority on electric shock. He is a psychiatrist of considerable
note. [Deleted] explained that electric shock might be of considerable
interest to the
‘Artichoke' type of work. He stated that the standard electric-shock
machine
(Reiter) could be used. He stated that using this machine with
convulsive treatment,
he could guarantee amnesia for certain periods of time, and
particularly he
could guarantee amnesia for any knowledge of use of the convulsive
shock. He
stated that the lower setting of the machine produced a different type
of shock.
When this lower current type of shock was applied without convulsion,
it had
the effect of making a man talk. He said that this type of shock
produced in
the individual excruciating pain. He stated that there would be no
question
that the individual would be quite willing to give information if
threatened
with the use of this machine. It was [deleted]'s opinion that an
individual
could gradually be reduced through the use of electro-shock treatment
to the
vegetable level." P. 44
Project MKULTRA
ARTICHOKE
and BLUEBIRD were administratively rolled over into MKULTRA, which was created
by the CIA on April 3, 1953. MKULTRA was in turn rolled over into MKSEARCH
on June 7, 1964. MKSEARCH then ran until June 1972, at which time extensive
shredding of MKULTRA and MKSEARCH files was ordered by the Director of the
CIA, Richard Helms. The surviving MKULTRA documents can be obtained from the
CIA under the Freedom of Information Act. There was a round of declassification
of mind control documents in the 1970's which were the foundation of books
published in the 1970's and 1980's. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]
P. 7
A document entitled,
"Hypnotic Experimentation and Research, 10 February 1954" [24]
describes
a simulation experiment of relevance to the creation of Manchurian
Candidate
assassins: "Miss [deleted] was then instructed (having previously
expressed
a fear of firearms) that she would use every method at her disposal to
awaken
miss [deleted] (now in a deep hypnotic sleep), and failing this, she
would
pick up a pistol nearby and fire it at Miss [deleted]. She was
instructed
that her rage would be so great that she would not hesitate to "kill"
[deleted] for failing to awaken. Miss [deleted] carried out these
suggestions
to the letter including firing the (unloaded) gun at [deleted] and
then proceeding
to fall into a deep sleep. After proper suggestions were made, both
were awakened
and expressed complete amnesia for the entire sequence. Miss [deleted]
was
again handed the gun, which she refused (in an awakened state) to pick
up or
accept form the operator. She expressed absolute denial that the
foregoing sequence
had happened." P. 36, 37
MKULTRA was divided
into 149 Subprojects. One group of Subprojects involved the development and
testing of mind control drugs. The goal was to identify
compounds which would assist in interrogation and in the creation of amnesia.
The CIA sponsored LSD research through MKULTRA. It also financed LSD conferences
and books. An undated document entitled "D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LDS-25),"
states "Some of the more outstanding effects are the mental confusion, helplessness,
and extreme anxiety which are produced by minute doses of this substance. Based
upon these reactions, its potential use in offensive psychological warfare and
in interrogation is considerable. It may become one of the most important
psychochemical agents." P. 47, 51, 54, 73
Unethical practice
by physicians and the direct involvement of pharmaceutical companies are part
of the history of hallucinogens. Under TOP SECRET clearance, Eli Lilly Company
was given a $400,000 grant in 1953 to manufacture and supply LSD to the CIA.
Army LSD research was ongoing in 1977 when LSD was a controlled substance. At
least 1,500 soldiers were given LSD without informed consent as part of Army
mind control experiments. These facts have never been subject to ethical review
or any policy or position statement by any medical organization. P. 52, 53,
68, 73
Frank Olson was
a Fort Detrick biological warfare expert who committed suicide in 1953 after
being given LSD hidden in liqueur by Dr. Sidney Gottlieb, Director of MKULTRA.
Olson's family determined that he had committed suicide subsequent to a bad
LSD trip only after reading Nelson Rockefeller's 1975 report on the CIA, published
22 years after Olsen's death. They were given $750,000 in compensation by Congress.
P. 49
Biological warfare
(BW) and chemical warfare (CW) research involved testing in many locations.
CW research involved releasing bacteria and viruses into general population
areas. The bacterium Serratia marascens was released in New York (June
1966), San Francisco (September 1950), and Pennsylvania (January 1955). A paper
in the Archives of Internal Medicine describes eleven Serratia marascens
infections seen in one San Francisco hospital between September 1950 and
February 1951. The paper was published because Serratia marascens infections
are very rare. P. 68, 69
MKULTRA Subproject
35 involved funding the construction of the Gorman Annex at Georgetown University
Hospital in Washington, DC. The total budget for the Annex of $1.25 million
was to provide a hospital safe house for mind control research. One sixth of
the space was set aside for the CIA, which placed three biochemists there under
cover. P. 55
Another group of
Subprojects consists of experiments and research on non-chemical mind control.
This group of Subprojects is about one quarter of the total MKULTRA Subprojects.
It involves most of the contractors with unwitting status. Unwitting
contractors are ones who do not realize that the research money is from the
CIA because it has been funneled through a cutout or front organization.
By and large, the psychologists and sociologists were unwitting contractors,
while the physicians, chemists, and the biologists had TOP SECRET clearance
and were aware that they were working for the CIA. In CIA terminology, these
people were witting. P. 54
Like the Tuskeegee
Syphilis Study and the radiation research, MKULTRA involved direct experimentation
on children without informed consent being given by their parents or guardians.
In the case of the Tuskeegee Study, children were harmed by preventable congenital
syphilis. In the radiation experiments, they were harmed through direct expose
after birth or in utero exposure during experiments on their mothers. [25] Four of the MKULTRA
Subprojects involved research on children. The deliberate creation of multiple
personality in children is an explicitly stated plan in the MKULTRA Subproject
Proposal submitted for funding on May 30, 1961. P. 56, 61
The Mind Control
Doctors – Dr. Ewen Cameron
Throughout the 20th
century, academic psychiatry provided no public commentary, ethical guidance,
or moral oversight concerning mind control experimentation, despite
the fact that the leading psychiatrists and medical schools were well funded
by the CIA and military for mind control research. Mental patients, cancer
patients, and unwitting citizens were experimented on by mind control
doctors at Yale, Harvard, McGill, Stanford, UCLA, and other major universities.
P. 126
These human guinea pigs were never told that they were subjects in military
and CIA mind control experiments, and they never gave informed consent. They
received no systematic follow-up to document the harm done to them. The welfare
of the "human subjects" was not a relevant variable in the academic equation."
The mind control doctors saw their patients as biological machines, a view which
made them sub-human, and therefore easier to abuse in mind control experiments.
P. 91, 126
The
MKULTRA contractor about whom the most has been written is Dr. Ewen Cameron.
[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]
Cameron began conducting unethical and inhumane brainwashing experiments
at Brandon mental Hospital in the 1930's. Schizophrenic patients were forced
to lie naked in red light for eight hours a day for periods as long as eight
months. Another experiment involved overheating patients in an electric cage
until their body temperatures reached 102 degrees. P. 125 - 128
Dr. Cameron massively over-utilized
coma therapy by putting patients in coma for 2 to 5 hours per day for up to
50 days in a row. At various times, Dr. Cameron was President of the Quebec,
Canadian, American, and World Psychiatric Associations. He was one of four
co-founders of the World Psychiatric Association. P. 126 -129
In a paper published
in the American Journal of Psychiatry entitled "Psychic Driving," Dr.
Cameron [33] describes his brainwashing techniques.
Psychic driving was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, patients
were depatterned, which meant reduced to a vegetable state through a
combination of massive amounts of electroconvulsive shock, drug-induced sleep
and sensory isolation. When fully depatterned, patients were incontinent of
urine and feces, unable to feed themselves, and unable to state their name,
location, or the date. P. 129
In the second stage, psychic driving was introduced.
This consisted of hundreds of hours of tape loops being played to the patient
through earphones, special helmets, or speakers in the sensory isolation room.
Dr. Cameron received a grant from Canada's Department of Health and Welfare
for $57,750 for the years 1961 to 1964 for "A Study of Factors Which Promote
or Retard Personality Change in Individuals Exposed to Prolonged Repetition
of Verbal Signals." P. 129, 131
Linda MacDonald was
a victim of Dr. Cameron's unethical, destructive mind control experiments
between May 1 and Sept. 12, 1963. Cameron used a "treatment" which involved
intensive application of three brainwashing techniques; drug disinhibition,
prolonged sleep treatment, and prolonged psychological isolation. These were
combined with ECT [Electro Convulsive Therapy] treatments. The amount of electricity
introduced into Linda's brain exceeded by 76.5 times the maximum amount recommended
in the ECT Guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association. P. 181-182
Dr. Cameron proved
that doctors skilled in the right procedures can erase a subject's memory. His
depattering technique resulted in permanent and complete amnesia. To this day,
Linda MacDonald is unable to remember anything from her birth to 1963. As recorded
by nurses in her chart, Linda was reduced
to a vegetable state. She was
completely disoriented. She didn't know her name, age or where she was. She
didn't recognize her children. She couldn't read, drive, cook, or use a toilet.
Not only did she not know her husband, she didn't even know what a husband was.
P. 182-183
There is a connection
to politics, power, and weapons in Linda MacDonald's life. Her husband worked
for the Canadian Armament Research Development Establishment. His immediate
boss was a man who sold arms to Saddam Hussein. His boss was also tied into
the Iran-Contra affair, and was murdered in Europe a few years ago. P. 186
Life changed for
Linda when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation program, The Fifth Estate,
aired a segment on Dr. Cameron on January 17, 1984. A Vancouver newspaper ran
a full-page story on Robert Loggie, a Vancouver man who had been experimented
on by Dr. Cameron. Loggie was a plaintiff in the class action suit against the
CIA for Dr. Cameron's MKULTRA experiments, which was settled out of court for
$750,000, divided among the eight plaintiffs. P. 187
Linda's
mother phoned her about the program. Linda shook a lot in reaction to the news
and didn't know what to do. Through a reporter she got in touch with a Washington
lawyer representing the eight Canadian plaintiffs. He advised Linda that she
could not be a party to the class action suit against the CIA because she was
‘treated' by Dr. Cameron after his CIA funding had stopped. The Canadian government
had picked up the funding by 1963. Eventually she got $100,000 plus legal fees
from the Canadian government. P. 187, 188
The
fact that Dr. Cameron's unethical, inhumane, and grossly damaging experiments
were published in the psychiatric literature [34][35][36]
is a condemnation of the editorial standards of the journals, not a vindication
of Dr. Cameron. P. 132
Dr. G. H. Estabrooks
G.H.
Estabrooks is the only mind control doctor who has publicly acknowledged the
building of Manchurian Candidates. In his book Spiritism, [37] Dr. Estabrooks describes experiments done
to create multiple personality by military psychiatrist Dr. P.L. Harriman.
[38][39][40]
In his book Hypnotism, [41] Dr. Estabrooks states that the creation of
experimental multiple personality for operational use in military subjects,
whom he refers to as super spies, is ethical because of the demands of war.
P. 159,
162
He comments in a chapter entitled "Hypnotism in Warfare" that: "the hand of
the military must not be tied by any silly prejudices in the minds of the
general public. War is the end of all law. In the last analysis any device
is justifiable which enables us to protect ourselves from defeat." P.
162
In
a May 13, 1968 article in the Providence Evening Bulletin, [42] Estabrooks is described as a former consultant
for the FBI and CIA, and is quoted as saying that, "the key to creating an
effective spy or assassin rests in splitting a man's personality, or creating
multipersonality, with the aid of hypnotism. This is not science fiction.
This has and is being done. I have done it." P. 162
Dr. Estabrooks'
proposal to the CIA dated June 22, 1954 states: "In deep hypnosis the subject,
military or civilian, can be given a message to be delivered to say Colonel
X in Berlin. The message will be perfectly safe because the subject will have no memory in the waking state
as to the message. It can be arranged that the subject will have no knowledge
of ever having been hypnotized. It can be arranged that no one beside Colonel
X in Berlin can hypnotize the subject and recover the message….I will take a
number of men and will establish in them through the use of hypnotism the condition
of split personality. Consciously they will be ardent Communists, fanatical
adherents to the party line. Unconsciously they will be loyal Americans determined
to thwart the Communists at every turn. These men will have no knowledge of
ever having been hypnotized, and can only be hypnotized by such persons as the
original operator may choose. Consciously they will associate with the Communists
and learn all their plans. Once every month they, as loyal Americans, will tell
what they know. This sounds unbelievable, but I assure you, it will work." P.
163, 165
In a 1971 article
in Science Digest, Dr. Estabrooks [43] claimed to have created
hypnotic couriers and counterintelligence agents for operational use: "The ‘hypnotic
courier' provides a unique solution. I was involved in preparing army subjects
during World War II. One successful case involved an Army Captain.
He was an excellent subject but did not realize it. I removed from him, by post
hypnotic suggestion, all recollection of ever having been hypnotized. I put
him under deep hypnosis, and gave him – orally – a vital message to be delivered
directly on his arrival in Japan to a certain colonel – let's say his name was
Brown – of military intelligence. Outside of myself, Colonel Brown was the only
person who could hypnotize Captain Smith. This is ‘locking.' I performed it
by saying to the captain, ‘We will use the phrase ‘the moon is clear.' Whenever
you hear this phrase from Brown or myself you will pass instantly into deep
hypnosis.' When Captain Smith re-awakened, he had no conscious memory of what
happened in trance. The system is virtually foolproof." P. 167, 168
By the 1920's not
only had [clinical hypnotists] learned to apply posthypnotic suggestion, but
also had learned to split certain complex individuals into multiple personalities
like Jeckyl-Hydes. During World War II, I worked this technique with a vulnerable
Marine lieutenant I'll call Jones. I split his personality into Jones A and
Jones B. Jones A, once a "normal" working Marine, became entirely different.
He talked communist doctrine and meant it. He was welcomed enthusiastically
by communist cells, and was deliberately given a dishonorable discharge by the
Corps and became a card-carrying party member. Jones B was the deeper personality,
knew all the thoughts of Jones A, was a loyal American and was "imprinted" to
say nothing during conscious phases. All I had to do was hypnotize the whole
man, get in touch with Jones B, the loyal American, and I had a pipeline straight
into the Communist camp. It worked beautifully for months." P. 169
Dr. Estabrooks did
experiments on children. He corresponded with FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover about
using hypnosis to interrogate juvenile delinquents. His experimentation on children
raises the possibility that investigators have attempted to create Manchurian
Candidates in children. Such a possibility might seem far-fetched until one
considers the LSD, biological and radiation experiments conducted on children,
the fact that four MKULTRA Subprojects were on children, and that hypnotic subjects
described in the CIA documents include girls 19 years of age. P. 176, 177
Other Mind Control
Doctors
Dr. Harold Wolff,
a Professor of Medicine at Cornell, was a director of the CIA cutout [front
organization], The Human Ecology Foundation, and the investigator of MKULTRA
Subproject 61. Dr. Wolff's accomplishments include being President of the American
Neurological Association and editor of Archives of Neurology. [44] P. 85
Dr.
Martin Orne [45][46]
is one of the leading experts on hypnosis of the 20th century.
For about 30 years, he was the editor of The International Journal of Clinical
and Experimental Hypnosis. He is one of two psychiatrists professionally
active into the late 1990's who is a documented CIA mind control contractor,
along with Dr. Louis Jolyon West. [47]
Dr. West, who killed an elephant with LSD [48]
at Oklahoma City Zoo, had TOP SECRET clearance with the CIA and military.
P. 81, 121, 124
Dr. William Sweet [49]
participated in both brain electrode implant experiments and the injection of
uranium into medical patients at Harvard University. The 925-page Final Report.
Advisory Committee on Human radiation Experiments tells the story of the
radiation experiments, and their linkage to mind control. [50] P. 1
Brain Implants
A CIA memorandum
for MKULTRA Subproject 142 describes the control of animals through stimulation
of brain electrodes. The overall goal was clear; to control the mind and behavior,
and to create dissociation through a combination of drugs,
hypnosis, brain electrode implants, electric shock, and beaming different kinds
of energy at the brain. The ability to create limited, controlled amnesia through
a variety of methods was a primary goal of the mind control programs. P. 87
Brain
electrode experiments were also conducted in humans. Dr. Jose Delgado, [51][52][53][54][55][56][57]
a neurosurgeon and professor at Yale, received funding for brain electrode
research on children and adults. He was able to control the movements of his
animal and human subjects by pushing buttons on a remote transmitter box.
In one paper, Dr. Delgado describes the cats as "mechanical toys." P. 87-89
An 11-year
old boy underwent a partial change of identity upon remote stimulation of
his brain electrode: [58] "Electrical stimulation of the superior temporal
convolution induced feminine striving and confusion about his own sexual identity.
The patient, an 11-year-old boy, said, ‘I was thinking whether
I was a boy or a girl, which I'd like to be,' and ‘I'd like to be a girl.'
After one of the stimulations the patient suddenly began to discuss his desire
to get married to the male interviewer. P. 89
Temporal-lobe stimulation produced
in another patient open manifestations and declarations of pleasure, accompanied
by giggles and joking with the therapist. In two adult female patients stimulation
of the same region was followed by discussion of marriage and expression of
a wish to marry the therapist. P. 89
Brain electrode
research was also conducted independently at Harvard by Dr. Delgado's coauthors,
Drs. Vernon Mark, Frank Ervin, and William Sweet. Mark and Ervin describe implanting
brain electrodes in a large number of patients at Harvard hospitals. A patient
named Jennie was 14 years old when they put electrodes in her brain. In Mark
and Ervin's Violence and the Brain, [59]
photographs show 18-year old Julia smiling, angry, or pounding the wall depending
on which button is being pushed on the transmitter box sending signals to her
brain electrodes. P. 89-91
Dr.
Heath, [60][61][62]
Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology at Tulane University,
placed brain electrodes in a young homosexual man and fitted him with a box.
A button on the box could be used to electrically stimulate an electrode implanted
in the septal region of his brain, a pleasure center. During one three-our
period, the patient, referred to as B-19, stimulated himself 1,500 times.
[63] "During these sessions,
B-19 stimulated himself to a point that he was experiencing an almost overwhelming
euphoria and elation, and had to be disconnected, despite his vigorous protests.
P. 94
Non-lethal Weapons
Non-lethal weapons
is a broad category which includes devices for beaming various kinds of energy
at human targets in order to temporarily incapacitate them, or to control or
affect their behavior. Non-lethal weapons research has been conducted at universities
in the US on contract to the CIA, and has overlapped with research on hallucinogens
and brain electrode implants. Funding of the experiments began in MKULTRA. P.
103
Subproject 62 documents
"certain kinds of radio frequency energy have been found to effect reversible
neurological changes in chimpanzees." Subproject 54 was studying how to produce
concussions from a distance using mechanical blast waves propagated through
the air. The contractor says that such a concussion "is always followed by amnesia
for the actual moment of the accident." He also states: "The blast duration
would be in the order of a tenth of a second. Masking of a noise of this duration
should not be difficult. It would be advantageous to establish the effectiveness
of both of the above methods as a tool in brain-wash therapy." P. 104, 105
MKULTRA Subproject
119 was a literature review which included a summary of existing information
on "Techniques of activation of the human organism by remote electronic means."
According to a report in Defense Electronics, [64] consideration
was given to using non-lethal weapons technology on David Koresh during the
Branch Davidian siege in the spring of 1993. P. 105
Research on the
ability of magnetic fields to facilitate the creation of false memories and
altered states of consciousness is apparently funded by the Defense Intelligence
Agency through the project cryptonym SLEEPING BEAUTY. "Sleeping Beauty was a
Defense Department study of remote microwave min-influencing techniques." [65]
P. 116
There is abundant
evidence in the public domain [66] that non-lethal weapons research is
ongoing and funded annually in the tens of millions of dollars or more. Given
the fact that chemical and biological weapons, mind control drugs and radiation
have been tested on unwitting civilian populations, it is possible that non-lethal
weapons have been tested on unwitting civilians. P 106.
A memorandum from
Richard Helms, [67] Acting Deputy Director to Allen Dulles,
Director of the CIA dated 3 April 1953 and entitled "Two Extremely Sensitive
Research Programs" (MKULTRA and MKDELTA) includes the statement, "Even internally
in CIA, as few individuals as possible should be aware of our interest in these
fields and of the identity of those who are working for us. At present this
results in ridiculous contracts, often with cut-outs [front organizations],
which do not spell out the scope or intent of the work. Complete Government
audits of such contracts are impossible for the same reason." P. 125
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[2] American
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R. The Manchurian Candidate. New York: Jove Books, 1959/2003. Order
here.
[14] Marks, J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate.
New York: W.W. Norton, 1988. To order this book, click
here.
[15] CIA MORI ID 190684, pp. 1, 4. This is a declassified
CIA mind control document. To verify the statement in the text,
use the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) request as described above.
You should receive the mind control CDs within a month of your
request. Upon receiving them, look up the MORI ID and page numbers listed. For free,
unlimited access to these revealing documents, visit our archive of declassified mind control documents.
To go directly to the CIA document quoted, for page 1, click here. For page 4, click here.
[16] CIA MORI ID 190527, pp. 1, 2. This is a declassified
CIA mind control document. To verify the statement in the text,
use the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) request as described above.
You should receive the government mind control CDs within a month of your
request. Once you receive them, look up the MORI ID number listed. For free,
unlimited access to these documents, visit our archive of declassified mind control documents.
To go directly to the above document, for page 1, click here. For page 2, click here.
[17] Bowart,
W. Operation Mind Control. New York: W.W. Norton, 1978
[18] Collins, A. In the Sleep Room. The Story of
CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 1988/1998.
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here.
[19] Gillmor, D. I Swear By Apollo. Dr. Ewen Cameron
and the CIA-Brainwashing Experiments. Montreal: Eden press, 1987. To
order this book, click
here.
[20] Lee, M.,
& Shlain, B. Acid Dreams. The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA,
the Sixties, and Beyond. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1985.
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J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. New York: W.W. Norton,
1988. To order this book, click
here.
[22] Scheflin, A.W., & Opton, E.M. The Mind
manipulators. New York: Paddington Press, 1978. To order this book, click here.
[23] Thomas, G. Journey into Madness. The Secret
Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse. New York: Bantam,
1989 (paperback 1990). To order this book, click here.
[24] CIA MORI ID 190691, p. 1. This is a declassified
CIA mind control document. To verify the statement,
use the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) request as described above.
You should receive the government mind control CDs within a month of your
request. Upon receipt, look up the MORI ID number listed. For free,
unlimited access to these documents, visit our archive of declassified mind control documents.
To go directly to the page with the CIA document quoted, click here.
[25] Faden, R.R. Final Report. Advisory Committee
on Human Radiation Experiments. Washington, DC: US Government Printing
Office, 1995. The full report on the Department of Energy
Website is available here.
[26] Collins, A. In the Sleep Room. The Story of
CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada. Toronto: Key Porter Books, 1988/1998.
To order this book, click here.
[27] Gillmor,
D. I Swear By Apollo. Dr. Ewen Cameron and the CIA-Brainwashing Experiments. Montreal: Eden press, 1987. To order this book, click here.
[28] Marks,
J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. New York: W.W. Norton,
1988. To order this book, click here.
[29] Nickson,
E. The Monkey Puzzle Tree. Toronto: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994.
[30] Scheflin, A.W., & Opton, E.M. The Mind
manipulators. New York: Paddington Press, 1978. To order this book, click here.
[31] Thomas, G. Journey into Madness. The Secret
Story of Secret CIA Mind Control and Medical Abuse. New York: Bantam,
1989 (paperback 1990). To order this book, click here.
[32] Weinstein,
H. Psychiatry and the CIA: Victims of Mind Control. Washington, DC:
American Psychiatric Press, 1990. To order this book, click here.
[33] Cameron,
D.E. Psychic driving. American Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 502-509,
1956.
[34] Cameron,
D.E. Production of differential amnesia as a factor in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 1, 26-34, 1960.
[35] Cameron,
D.E., Lohrenz, J.G., & Handcock, K.A. The depatterning treatment of schizophrenia.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 3, 65-76, 1962.
[36] Cameron,
D.E., Levy, L. Rubenstein, L., & Malmo, R.B. Repetition of verbal signals:
Behavioral and physiological changes. American Journal of Psychiatry,
115, 985-991, 1959
[37] Estabrooks,
G.H. Spiritism. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1947.
[38] Harriman,
P.L The experimental induction of a multiple personality. Psychiatry,
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[39] Harriman,
P.L The experimental production of some phenomena related to multiple personality.
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[40] Harriman,
P.L A new approach to multiple personalities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
13, 638-643, 1943.
[41] Estabrooks,
G.H. Spiritism. New York: E.M Dutton, 1947. To order this book, click here.
[42] Bender,
L. Children's reactions to psychotomimetic drugs. In D.H. Efron (Ed.), Psychotomimetic
Drugs, pp.265-271. New York: Raven Press, 1970.
[43] Estabrooks, G.H. Hypnosis comes of age. Science
Digest, 44-50, April 1971. An excerpt of this article is available here.
[44] Plum, F.
Harold G.Wolff 1898-1962. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 135,
283-285, 1962.
[45] Marks,
J. The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. New York: W.W. Norton,
1988. To order this book, click here.
[46] Orne, M.T.
The potential uses of hypnosis in interrogation. In A.D. Biderman (Ed.), The
Manipulation of Human Behavior (pp. 169-215). New York: John Wiley &
Sons, 1961. To order this book, click here.
[47] West, L.J. Dissociative reactions. In A.M. Freedman
& H.I. Kaplan (Eds.), Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, pp.
885-889. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1967. Order here.
[48] West, L.J.,
Pierce, C.M., & Thomas, W.D. Lysergic acid diethylamide: Its effects on
male Asiatic elephant. Science, 138, 1100-1103, 1962
[49] Mark, V.H.,
& Ervin, F.R. Violence and the Brain. New York: Harper & Row,
1970. Order
here.
[50] Faden, R.R. Final Report. Advisory Committee
on Human Radiation Experiments. Wash, DC: US Government Printing
Office, 1995. For the full report on the Department of Energy Website
click here.
For the two pages detailing Dr. Sweet's experiments: Chapter five page
4, and page
5.
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Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 7, 637-644, 1955. To order, click here.
[52] Delgado,
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[53] Delgado,
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22, 458-475, 1959.
[54] Delgado,
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12, 259-266, 1960
[55] Delgado,
J.M.R. Social rank and radio-stimulated aggressiveness in monkeys. Journal
of Nervous and Mental Disease, 144, 383-390, 1967. To order, click here.
[56] Delgado, J.M.R. Physical Control of the Mind. New York: Harper & Row, 1971 (paperback 1977). To order this book, click here.
[57] Rosvold,
H.E., & Delgado, J.M.R. The effect of delayed-alternation test performance
of stimulating or destroying electrical structures within the frontal lobes
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[58] Delgado,
J.M., Mark, V., Sweet, W., Ervin, F., Weiss, G., Bach-Y-Rita, G., & Hagiwara,
R. Intracerebral radio stimulation and recording in completely free patients.
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[59] Mark, V.H.,
Ervin, F.R. Violence and the Brain. New York: Harper & Row, 1970. To order this book, click here.
[60] Heath,
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of Psychiatry, 120, 571-577, 1963
[61] Heath,
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during orgasm. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 151, 3-18, 1972.
[62] Heath,
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in the human brain: A method for long-term study and treatment. IEEE Transactions
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[63] Moan, C.E.,
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[64] Tapscott,
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Electronics, July 13, 1993, pp. 17.
[65] Schnabel,
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[66] Pasternak,
D. Wonder weapons. US News and World Report, July 7, 1997, pp. 38-46
[67] Memorandum from ADDP Helms to DCI Dulles, dated
3 April 1953, Tab A, pp. 1-2 (p. 30 on CDs), CIA MORI ID 17748. This is a
declassified CIA mind control document. To verify the statement in the text,
use the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) request as described above.
You should receive the government mind control CDs within a month of your
request. Once you receive them, look up the MORI ID number listed. For free access to these documents, visit our archive of declassified mind control documents. To go directly to the CIA document quoted, for page 30, click here. For page 32, click here. For page 33, click here. For page 34, click here.
