Monday, July 9, 2018

EVOLUTION’S DEATH BY A THOUSAND CUTS? NEW GENETIC STUDY

Mr. L.G. sent this article, and given my blog a couple of weeks ago about "Oannes the Octopus" and the theory that some scientists are now advancing, that cephalopods may have originated off this planet, this new study is even more provocative, and, let it be noted, raises implications for the octopus study. Indeed, it seems that some aspects of evolutionary theory might be dying the death of a thousand cuts. And, for the record, I've never been one of those who subscribes to various fundamentalisms - Christian or evolutionary - about the age of the Earth or the origins of life on it; both seem to be to be a patchwork quilt of assumptions and pieced-over cloth, such that in both cases the current quilt little resembles the original because they've been "added to" or "corrected" so many times.
So, one may "color me skeptical" about this new study as well, but, for our trademark high octane speculation, it does present certain implications that are, indeed, rather stunning:
The essence of the new study resembles, so far as I can tell, the type of mitochondrial DNA research of Oxford biologist Dr. Brian Sykes, who traced mitochondrial DNA back to identify certain "clan haplogroups" sharing common "clan mothers." In the case of the current study, however, this approach was used on a variety of species on Earth, and the result is... well, "challenging" for standard evolutionary confessional orthodoxy, for consider the final paragraphs of the article:
In analyzing the COI of 100,000 species, Stoeckle and Thaler arrived at the conclusion that most animals appeared simultaneously. They found that the neutral mutation across species were not as varied as expected. Neutral mutation refers to the slight DNA changes that occur across generations. They can be compared to tree rings because they can tell how old a certain specie or individual is.
As to how that could have happened, it's unclear. A likely possibility is the occurrence of a sudden event that caused large-scale environmental trauma and wiped out majority of the Earth's species.
"Viruses, ice ages, successful new competitors, loss of prey — all these may cause periods when the population of an animal drops sharply," explains Jesse Ausubel, director of the Program for the Human Environment.
Such times give rise to sweeping genetic changes across the planet, causing new species to appear. However, the last time such an occurrence took place was 65 million years ago, when an asteroid hit the Earth and killed off the dinosaurs and half of all other species on the planet.(Emphasis added)
Worse still, there's this:
More specifically, they found out that 9 out of 10 animal species on the planet came to being at the same time as humans did some 100,000 to 200,000 years ago. (Emphasis added)
So by the article's own framing of the question, some sort of "event" occurred 65,000,000 years ago, and another approximately 200,000 years ago, and while the 65,000,000 years ago date is commonly thought to have been the result of an asteroid impact (as the article notes), the sudden appearance of more modern species ca. 200,000 years ago remains (here comes that word), a "mystery."
As one might imagine, there will be a certain segment of the population that will jump for joy and pronounce this finding the end of Mr. Darwin and his church. And though I'm not a member or adherent of that faith, I do at least respect it enough to give it credit for having constructed a relatively effective and consistent model that has been able to cope with a mountain of data rather well. Like all scientific theories, it has its problems, and as such it has had its share of Domingo Guzmans "defending the faith" and "ignoring contraindications" and persecuting anyone questioning it; but it has also had its share of honest clergy willing to admit to the problem areas. But all in all, the model has served fairly well, and, lest we forget, it was not burning the opposition at the stake.
But as in contemporary physics, a number of recent studies are raising some serious questions and implications for the standard narratives, and this story definitely strikes me as one of them. For one thing, the appearance of other life along with the currently held position that human life begins at roughly the same time, raises questions and implications for all those ancient texts that I occasionally write about in my books or blog about here. I find it terribly interesting, for example, that this dating roughly approximates the dates of the Sumerian Kings' List, where supposedly "kingship" was "lowered from heaven" ca. 250,000 years ago. That statement, of course, has been subject to the usual academic scrutiny as well, and most academics would write it off as an exaggeration, a kind of Mesopotamian "science fiction." Nonetheless, the assertion is there, along with all those Mesopotamian stories about some sort of "genetic engineering" project that brought modern man (or something close) into existence by the mingling of "the gods" with some distant member of the genus homo already present on this planet.
Consequently, perhaps - and let me repeat that word - perhaps we are looking at the beginnings of some sort of loose confirmation of those stories. The coincidence in this case is rather though-provoking, but for confirmation of the stories, scientists would have to be able to look at all that massive mountain of data to see if, perhaps (that word again) there may be evidence of some "deliberate genetic tinkering" in the distant past, or if, like Oannes the Octopus, there may be indications of a "seeding" from some place else off this planet in an example of "panspermia" theory.
Bu howsoever one parses this story, one thing, I think, is clear if the story is true and if the findings and interpretation of the study hold up under scrutiny, because if that should turn out to be the case, then, yes, this is a very serious, and very deep, cut.                     https://gizadeathstar.com/2018/06/evolutions-death-by-a-thousand-cuts-new-genetic-study/
https://www.dailygrail.com/2018/05/are-octopuses-an-extraterrestrial-species-that-came-to-earth-millions-of-years-ago/
Science news: Octopuses came to Earth from space as frozen eggs millions of years ago“. That bizarre headline kept repeating itself in my Twitter feed overnight, as multiple people tweeted or retweeted the link. One glance at the source though told me all I need to know – it was from the Express, a news outlet that I try my best never to link to here on the Grail, because they seem to have a habit of trawling the internet for obscure, unproven theories and posting them as ‘news’.
But then I started seeing the same story from more trustworthy science news sources – “Viruses, ET and the octopus from space: the return of panspermia“, read the headline at Cosmos, and it cited a paper in the peer-reviewed journal Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology co-authored by 33 researchers from a wide range of reputable universities and research institutes:
[T]he paper makes a seemingly incredible claim. A claim that if true, would have the most profound consequences for our understanding of the universe. Life, the paper argues, did not originate on the planet Earth.
The response?
Near silence.
The paper itself, which is available online (PDF), explores a couple of evolutionary mysteries and attempts to solve them using the theory of panspermia – the idea that life has spread throughout the universe via comets, asteroids etc.
One focus of the paper is on complex retroviruses that emerged at or just before the Cambrian Explosion around 500 million years ago, which are known to be associated with major evolutionary genomic processes. A second focus is the
“remarkable” evolution of intelligent complexity in the cephalopods, like the octopus. And it ties these two anomalies together  by using “micro-organism fossil evidence contained within meteorites, as well as the detection in the upper atmosphere of apparent incoming life-bearing particles from space” to conclude that life…

…may have been seeded here on Earth by life-bearing comets as soon as conditions on Earth allowed it to flourish (about or just before 4.1 Billion years ago); and living organisms such as space-resistant and space-hardy bacteria, viruses, more complex eukaryotic cells, fertilised ova and seeds have been continuously delivered ever since to Earth so being one important driver of further terrestrial evolution which has resulted in considerable genetic diversity and which has led to the emergence of mankind.
It is the second focus – explored in section 13 of the paper – which has made headlines in the media, from crappy tabloid newspapers to genuine science magazines. The researchers here note that octopuses appear to have suddenly diverged genetically from their ancestors, making a sudden “great leap forward” – “its large brain and sophisticated nervous system, camera-like eyes, flexible bodies, instantaneous camouflage via the ability to switch colour and shape are just a few of the striking features that appear suddenly on the evolutionary scene.” After discussing some of the genetic data, the researchers then suggest that these genetic ‘jumps’ “seem to be borrowed from a far distant “future” in terms of terrestrial evolution, or more realistically from the cosmos at large.” But they’re not just talking about a virus traveling to Earth from space – they instead, amazingly, suggest the possibility…
…that cryopreserved Squid and/or Octopus eggs, arrived in icy bolides several hundred million years ago should not be discounted as that would be a parsimonious cosmic explanation for the Octopus’ sudden emergence on Earth ca. 270 million years ago.
Yes, you heard that right: 33 scientists wrote a paper in which they suggest that octopuses might be aliens.
Heptapod alien from the movie Arrival
As might be expected, the push-back against the paper from scientific skeptics has been strong. At Pharyngula, biologist and (usually obnoxious) skeptic P.Z. Myers, ridicules the claims made by the researchers. While he concedes that “there are novelties in cephalopod evolution”, he also points out that they are “not unique to cephalopods”, and as such “you can’t use it as evidence an outer space origin for the octopus”.
Furthermore, Myers says, “there is no reasonable justification” for the extraordinary claim that octopus eggs may have come to Earth in icy bolides. If this were true, he says…
…cephalopods would represent an entirely novel lineage, and more than having a few molecular novelties, they would be completely unrelated to any other animal lineage on the planet. They would not be related to other molluscs. They would not be protostomes. They would not be eukaryotes. They would be totally alien.
Myers’ post is also – as usual – filled with character attacks on the researchers (most notably, panspermia pioneer ChandraWickramasinghe), but his points on the science of octopus evolution appear to be well made. As for other scientists, the response seems to be mixed – but for most, there’s plenty of interest in the paper, even if they find it difficult to swallow the idea of octopuses being aliens.
Perhaps the best summary is the response to the paper, published in the same journal issue, from decorated virologist Karin Moelling of the Max Planck Institute Molecular Genetics, in Berlin: “This article is useful, calling for attention, and it is worth thinking about, yet the main statement about viruses, microbes and even animals coming to us from space, cannot be taken seriously.”
So, definitely worth a read – especially if you’re interested in speculative/fringe science – but bring plenty of grains of salt.
Source:Cause of Cambrian Explosion – Terrestrial or Cosmic?” (PDF)