 by Keith Harmon Snow March, 2003 from WebFairy Website
also at
Archive Website
1. The Fog Watch (Propaganda) [2] Throughout April, 2002, Amherst College (MA) radio (WAMH) ran a series of public service announcements (PSAs) sponsored by a Christian church organization declaring the existence of weather modification technologies, and advocating that listeners contact the U.S. government to demand that these technologies be deployed to moderate the extreme weather and drought we are seeing.
According to these PSAs, the government use of
these existing technologies to mitigate hostile weather “is a fundamental
right” of every U.S. citizen. [3]
On February 17, 2002, ABC News ran a very brief “news” clip titled “Weather As A Weapon?”
The inquisitive title infers that this is some
not-yet-certain possibility, contributing to the democratic ideal that
supposes weather warfare might be something we - the public - ought to at
least be thinking about, and possibly debating. ABC would never have run the
story without some greater purpose than simply “to keep the public
informed.”
That is the expected role of ABC, in the
“democratic” and “free” press that ABC purports to be part of. [4]
If not to serve as a news vehicle for genuine public service and education, as suggested, what then is the true purpose of the ABC news brief? This introduction focuses on the ABC article first, precisely because the purpose of this article (and others like it) is to help pave the way for public acceptance of military objectives by shaping the public mind a priori. The ABC article describes the potential advantages of weather modification: seeding clouds, creating rain or tornadoes over hostiles forces, burning through fog to expose enemy aircraft:
Weather warfare, of course, is set in some
amorphous future battlespace.
There is ABC’s first deception. ABC draws
attention to the Air Force document Owning the Weather in 2025. This is an
unclassified document, accessible to the public, and this USAF document
suggests that ENMOD research and development is all mere theory and
speculation, indeed, science fiction.
Owning the Weather in 2025 appears on its face to reveal significant details about the nature of U.S. national security and defense capabilities. However, in the age of international terrorism, with the U.S. military and its multinational corporations and their media minions whipping up a frenzy about terrorists of all stripes, about anthrax scares and world trade massacres - and with rapid information access and electronic exchange making such reports Internet available to the hoards of uncivilized information-seeking barbarians feared by the Pentagon - we can be sure that this document shows us only what we are intended to see. Owning the Weather in 2025 serves the greater purpose of exposing only what is efficacious to the military, to the intelligence apparatus, to the companies they are in league with, and to the compromised policymakers seeking public support - by any means - for the military programs they are paid to peddle.
That is ABC’s second deception: steering the
news-consuming public toward an inversion of reality, a public relations
document, officially sanctioned, released and posted by the military. ABC
does not question the origins of this document, or why it has suddenly come
into vogue.
ABC confirms that weather warfare is, at the very least, under development: in its closing paragraph, the article noted that substantial ongoing investments in research and development of ENMOD technologies have continued. In the U.S. and in many other countries, the private sector continues to work on weather modification technology - work that could also be used on the battlefield. And as this research continues on, for example, cloud seeding techniques that produce heavy rain to help farmers in time of drought or laser technology that could clear heavy fog for passenger jets, the military is watching. [6] To say that the military is “watching” is to lie outright. There is ABC’s third deception: as I will imminently show, the military has funded and sponsored these weather warfare technologies for over fifty years. ABC’s fourth deception is the suggestion that the private sector and the government defense sector are independent, that one does not wash the hands, or wipe the ass, of the other.
Nothing could be further from the truth.
The fifth deception by ABC News is the suggestion that these life and earth destroying technologies - pursued with a scientific hubris that is psychotic and obscene - will also serve peaceful uses. Indeed, given the industrial acceleration of climatic mayhem we can be sure that the public will be clamoring for these weather modification technologies - to mitigate the domestic and regional cataclysms of climate instabilities.
The further suggestion is that the transition of
these technologies from commercial to military uses is an afterthought,
rather than their raison d'etre. That is ABC’s sixth deception.
Naturally - or, rather, quite unnaturally - weather modification tools will revive gardens of sunflowers and fields of wheat stricken by drought, and they will guide passenger jets full of innocent people (!) to safety. By implication, these weather modification technologies are essential to a functioning human society, they will never be used unjustly, and they are as [ostensibly] benign as atoms for peace [civilian nuclear weapons].
Such arguments about the ENMOD arena will
increasingly proliferate, with great media fanfare, serving the intended
purpose of manipulating the public mind, as information about ENMOD
technologies is slowly and strategically transitioned out of the
[classified] closet.
Indeed, the public has already paid billions of dollars to develop these technologies - a fact that ABC does not share - so we might as well see them put to good use. Hiding the proliferation of public subsidies for weather warfare, or failing to question or investigate the DOD budget, at the very least, is ABC’s seventh deception. The main purpose of the ABC article - and the WAMH public service announcement - is to introduce a new subject heretofore forbidden by the military and, its extension, the corporate media. These articles signal the beginnings of a propaganda campaign to habituate citizens to a happy, un-dissenting coexistence with weather warfare technology. That is ABC’s eighth deception. The deeper purpose of the ABC “news” clip - the ninth deception - is to garner support from U.S. citizens to withdraw from - to denounce, evade or trample on - an international treaty prohibiting ENMOD research and environmental warfare, signed by the U.S. in the 1970s. Thus does the bold and colorful subtitle, and the paragraph that follows, elucidate the central theme of the ABC article: “AGREEMENT BARS WEATHER MANIPULATION.” But there is a problem turning theory into fact. Using weather as a weapon is a clear violation of international agreements. In 1977, the United Nations passed, and the U.S. signed, a resolution that prohibits changing the weather for hostile purposes on the grounds that too many civilians could be harmed.
So the U.S. military, which once seeded clouds
in Vietnam to produce heavy rains along the Ho Chi Minh trail, can now only
concentrate on better weather forecasting.
There may be a “problem turning theory into
fact,” but there is certainly no problem turning fact into propaganda:
So there is ABC’s tenth deception.
In contradistinction to the suggestions by ABC News, we are not talking about merely seeding a few clouds. Here are the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth deceptions: ABC News hides the scale, magnitude and lethal capabilities of ENMOD weaponry - technologies that may already be operational, but are certainly under development. The United States is party to an arms control treaty known as the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques (ENMOD Treaty), ratified in 1978. [8]
We do not know why the U.S. signed this treaty
in 1977, but we can be at least 95 % certain that the Nixon/Ford
administrations did not do so out of concern that “too many civilians could
be harmed,” as reported in this ABC article.
There is ABC’s fourteenth deception:
In the wake of the 1970s U.S. Senate Select
Intelligence Committee hearings on covert actions (known as the
Church Committee hearings), the broad
spectrum of political assassinations, bloody coups, secret operations and
technology developments deemed essential to the U.S. national security
apparatus were driven underground in highly classified programs. [9]
Similarly, under a wave of devastating exposures about un-democratic US intelligence activities, and the Church Committee hearings, the U.S. DOD and the intelligence apparatus recognized that their secret programs and covert operations could only prevail given major but cosmetic changes promoting the “appearance” of termination, for one example, or promoting the independence of private sector laboratories and corporations, for another.
Hence “front” companies were established, and,
like numerous corporations already active in the various arenas, they were
funded and tasked with maintaining the otherwise illegal, forbidden or
secret programs and/or operations and/or activities. Just as the
assassinations, coups and covert operations never stopped, the programs to
develop weather warfare continued.
This thesis is developed in details to follow.
Undoubtedly, the U.S. signed the 1977 ENMOD Treaty - in part - for cosmetic purposes, and to further the disingenuous U.S. government posturing that pretends to care about truth, liberty, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness, at home and abroad. It is all smoke and mirrors. In fact, the United States resisted the ENMOD treaty to the bitter end, and refused to sign unless major provisions were deleted, or watered down, at the very least. (Such U.S. establishment behavior is commonplace today.)
ABC’s fifteenth deception, then, comes in
failing to investigate, or even mildly question, the disingenuous behavior
of U.S. officials.
ABC quotes Air Force Director of Weather Brig. Gen. Fred Lewis. Choosing this person as the sole authority allowed to speak on the U.S. military’s weather warfare capabilities is ABC’s sixteenth deception.
Brigadier Generals are credible enough, and this
one utters some truth, and ABC does not question this truth.
It is a curious statement, in the context it is
in, because it is defensive at its core.
It is a direct lie. Significant evidence
suggests that somewhere in the national security apparatus,
...or deeper - there are ongoing, intensive
programs in ENMOD (read: weather warfare) technologies.
And then there are all the corporate programs “fronting” for the military. Indeed, the highly invisible U.S. National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) - a phantom agency born in the 1950s, declassified in 1992 - enmeshed with the National Security Agency (NSA) and Central Intelligence Agency - might be the culprit: the NRO plans, builds and operates America’s spy satellites, and they specialize in intelligence-gathering and information warfare.
A DOD agency, the NRO is staffed by DOD and CIA
personnel; it is funded through the National Reconnaissance Program, part of
the National Foreign Intelligence Program. [10]
According to CIA operative Victor Marchetti
and state department official John Marks,
The NRO budget in 1974 was more than $1.5
billion. [11]
As I will show, the entire subject of weather warfare revolves around “plausible deniability” and the capacity of elite decision makers to “plausibly deny” that such technologies exist (just as assassinations were not committed, coups were not fomented, massacres were not perpetrated, “disappeared” people were not disappeared).
Because proof of secret operations is highly
classified, hence invisible, the unverifiable accusations are answered with
plausible denials and we are left to depend on the (ostensible) basic
goodness and integrity of leaders.
The statement by Brig. General Fred Lewis is contradicted, in its most simple form, by the obvious fact that all branches of the U.S. military and security apparatus rely on sophisticated,
...technologies whose entire mission and purpose
can be, and often has been, compromised, neutralized or entirely defeated by
hostile (but natural) weather conditions in the battle-space environment.
[12]
Question: Would the defense establishment ignore technologies with the potential to decisively defeat the “no-win” military compromises and losses due to an unpredictable and cranky old mother nature? Answer: They would not. The statement by Brig. General Fred Lewis is further contradicted by the obvious military thrusts to develop capabilities that maximize stealth and, simultaneously, minimize risk to U.S. troops, and the propensity, again, well documented, to use clandestine operations premised, again, on “plausible denial.”
In light of these major policy and field
objectives, the existence of an entire spectrum or portfolio of ENMOD
technologies is both plausible and certain. Said differently, it is
irrational and unlikely and naïve and unreasonable to suppose the absence of
these technologies given the grossly offensive actions that have been
consistently demonstrated by the U.S. military, scientific and intelligence
establishment over the past five decades.
Owning the Weather in 2025, advertised by ABC News, confirms the offensive interests the U.S. Air Force has in “owning and controlling” weather - as a weapon. Numerous citations and references from the report itself reveal that military analysts and scientists have been working on weather modification issues in some capacities. (Projected ENMOD capabilities from the report are delineated in Table One.) Owning The Weather in 2025 is but one chapter of the much larger report Air Force 2025, but ABC News did not report on that, nor did they explore the obvious evidence of the military’s comprehensive embracement of ENMOD technologies. That is ABC’s seventeenth deception. Air Force 2025 is a significant document.
It outlines diverse technologies and strategies
that the Air Force feels it must adopt to prevent the Air Force from
ushering in its own extinction by 2025.
The following excerpts from the Air Force 2025
shed some light on the intentions of the Air Force, and call into question
the credibility of the statement,
First note that this latter paragraph admits
that both the U.S.S.R. and Brazil - the latter as recent as the 1980s - have
performed ENMOD experiments on the earth’s ionosphere.
This curious admission raises at least two
questions to ponder prior to exploring the true U.S. involvement in the
ENMOD arena:
Air Force 2025, in theory, is a roadmap to the
future.
It closes with a passionate and glowingly
patriotic section outlining the coming extinction of the Air Force, and,
indeed, the entire United States itself, if critical technologies,
environments, personnel and capabilities outlined in Air Force 2025 are not
exploited absolutely. According to this summary, every freedom-loving
American - by default - should enthusiastically and unquestioningly support
the USAFagenda.
Of course, without any further qualification or investigation by ABC News, and fed by ABC only the simplest of ideas to ensure that they are digested by the public, the casual reader is unable to separate the truth from the lie. ABC’s eighteenth deception comes in allowing the lie to pass.
Neither does ABC News balance the newly
enshrined truth with any alternative views, or counter quotes, or dissenting
opinions - as if dissenters and their rationales did not exist at all. ABC
has not reported on the proliferation of, or the dissenting scientific views
on, or the risks of, these technologies - military or civilian.
That is ABC News’ nineteenth deception.
Air Force 2025
Table One - “Operational Capabilities Matrix”
The ABC News “news” clip - sympathetic to a military establishment ostensibly plagued by budget cuts and federal oversights and shackled by international legal treaties - helps further the misinformation that the military,
There is ABC’s twentieth deception - the
unfortunate U.S. military, its hands tied,
Here we find a common media ploy: to help
generate sympathy for a military and intelligence apparatus ostensibly
shackled by its own government and people - in sharp contradistinction to
egregious, brutal, comprehensive U.S. military force and violence wielded
with secrecy and impunity, around the globe, with a budget that is obscene.
For their twenty-first deception, ABC News has casually introduced the idea that, well, by the way, weather warfare has been used before, in Vietnam. This occurred under a top secret national security pilot program called Project Popeye, and it was just one of many covert and overt ENMOD programs pursued in the 1960s and 1970s by the United States. [15] However, the U.S. ENMOD operations in Vietnam are totally unappreciated, and unheard of, primarily because they have been little reported - if reported at all - by the corporate U.S. media. The CIA, FBI and other “national security” institutions regularly utilize this same propaganda ruse to deflect attention from secret operations, torture and state-legitimized terrorism.
The method is simple: begin circulating
previously unreported facts to lay the groundwork for public acceptance, and
then, if and when challenged, shrug the information off as “old news” that
is “common public knowledge.” In any event - we are always assured - the
institution in question (CIA) has long since reformed. [16]
To close this deconstruction of the ABC News article, and assess as accurately as possible the state of the art in weather weaponry, consider that in the interest of deploying weather warfare capabilities - under the same Nixon/Ford administration which signed the ENMOD treaty in 1977 - unspecified substances were introduced into the troposphere over enemy territory during the Vietnam era, in order to render enemy radars inoperable.
The results of those efforts were never made
public. [17]
It is a very auspicious admission.
Back to Contents 2. Who Will Stop the Rain? There is a long and well-detailed history of efforts to control and modify the weather. The U.S. government’s first ENMOD efforts occurred from 1890 to 1892, with a $10,000 research budget allocated to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). [18] As early as the late 1940s Dr. Wilhelm Reich was developing weather modification techniques at his Orgonon Research Center in Rangeley, Maine. Reich openly shared his findings with the U.S. Department of Defense, but while Reich apparently believed that the enemy of his enemy, Nazi Germany, was his friend, he was unaware that he was being targeted as a subversive for his pioneering futuristic work in numerous fields, weather modification included.
(The U.S. Food and Drug Administration
imprisoned Reich in 1954 for a minor interstate transportation infraction
committed by an employee: Reich died in federal prison in 1957.)
Under the U.S. DOD Project Cirrus, on October 13, 1947 pioneering ENMOD scientist Dr. Irving Langmuir of General Electric Research Labs, Schenectady, NY, seeded a hurricane by dropping some 200 pounds of dry ice into it from above. The hurricane abruptly changed course, for whatever reason. Seeding of natural clouds with silver iodide was first tried on December 21, 1948, by GE Schenectady Labs researcher Bernard Vonnegut. [19] GE’s Dr. Irving Langmuir was soon testing a commercial cloud seeder in Honduras, in cooperation with the highly repressive United Fruit Company. [20] United Fruit was a Rockefeller enterprise with close ties to the CIA, and Honduras was one of its Banana Republics. [21]
Setting the precedent for coming military
efforts to downplay ENMOD successes, hide promising results, and deny
information about ENMOD programs to the newly manufactured Red Menace of the
cold warrior imagination, the U.S. government, with the help of GE lawyers,
downplayed Dr. Langmuir’s findings.
His Project Cirrus report was initially
classified, to his consternation, and when the report was finally released
to the scientific community, it contained a highly skeptical assessment by a
panel of “experts,” hand-picked by the DOD, who suggested that Langmuir’s
experiments were inconclusive, at best, that his science did not meet
acceptable standards. [22]
While publicly downplaying any conclusive evidence of ENMOD capabilities, however, the U.S. government embarked on a massive program of research and development. The liberal government funding, coupled with the explosion of ideas and research proposals, led to competing government agencies and overlapping programs. The U.S. Navy and Air Force conducted numerous and systematic cloud seeding experiments from 1948 to 1950 and these demonstrated the initial promise of the ENMOD arena. [23]
From 1951-1953 they conducted the Artificial
Cloud Nucleation Project (AEN), a large-scale project in southwestern
Washington. By the early 1950s, some 10% of the entire land area of the U.S.
was under commercial cloud-seeding operations, with some $3-5 million being
expended annually.
Public utilities like Pacific Gas and Electric
(PG&E) and the Southern California Edison Co. maintained extensive programs
throughout the 1950s and 1960s. [24]
By 1952 the White House had a special adviser on weather modification. President Eisenhower created the U.S. Advisory Committee on Weather Control in 1953. Captain Howard T. Orville (USN, Ret.) was appointed chairman of what became known as “The Orville Committee.” Orville had been on the steering committee of (Dr. Irving Langmuir’s) Project Cirrus, and his appointment was de facto confirmation of the success of Project Cirrus. [25] As early as 1953, Herbert Appleman of the U.S. Air Weather Service noted that contrails - condensation trails - formed by water vapor and other gaseous exhausts exiting the tailpipe of a jet engine can lead to cloud formation which may persist and spread out.
Silver iodide generators mounted on airplanes
took cloud seeding to new heights; unique but similar seeding results were
attained after researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) used
carbon (black) dust dispersed by planes. The carbon black dust method,
dispersed by jet after-burners, is the same one suggested as one of the
future tactical weapons of the future ENMOD arena.
Recall, as noted in one of the
AirForce 2025 excerpts included above:
Commercial crop-duster pilots had previously
been hired to seed with carbon black dust for the Air Force - in the 1950s.
[26]
The Air Force has not failed to notice that the
"solar absorption potential” of carbon black dust makes it an expeditious
choice,
In 1953 and 1954, scientists at New York
University seeded nineteen cyclones. [28]
In 1957 the President’s Advisory Committee on
Weather Control explicitly recognized the military potential of weather
modification, warning in their report that it could become a more important
weapon than the atom bomb. [29] In 1958 the Naval Research
Laboratory (NRL) was conducting cloud dissipation experiments in Georgia.
Cloud seeding became a routine operation for United Air Lines (UAL) planes
in the 1960s. [30]
In 1959, the U.S. Congress established the
Interdepartmental Committee for Atmospheric Sciences, a centralized command
for ENMOD programs.
Project Corona is an exemplary model of a secret program that persisted in total blackout for decades. Born in 1956 under CIA Clandestine Services chief Richard Bissell (CIA director from1965), [31] Project Corona, the first major U.S. satellite reconnaissance program, involving scores of satellite launches, was not declassified until 1992. Corona was a CIA/DOD collaboration involving top brass under the highest national security classifications. Under Project Skyfire in 1960 and 1961 the US Army pursued lighting suppression through experiments where millions of tiny metallic needles were released to ‘seed” clouds. (These bits of foil are actually tiny dipoles whose ends are oppositely charged.)
The dispersal of electronic chaff is today a
major element in airborne missile evasion countermeasures, where the
electronic tracking devices on an inbound missile are “fooled” by the chaff
“decoy” materials launched by the pilot under attack.
The U.S. Army Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory at
Fort Monmouth, N.J., explored the potential of using chaff to pull the teeth
of a thunderstorm. [32]
Aimed at steering and/or modifying tropical
hurricanes, the U.S. DOD’s Project Stormfury (1961-1983) undertook “massive
seeding” operations, using state-of-the-art airborne radars, during
hurricanes Ester (1961) and Beulah (1963).
Refinement and coordination of RADAR and
computing technologies brought increasing use of remote sensing to the ENMOD
arena and from the early 1960s onward, the field, and the research and
development successes, expanded exponentially. Stormfury deployed eight Navy
jets, with multiple radars, and three weather Bureau planes.
Stormfury scientists delivered seeding agents
with rockets and with variations of the LW-83 high silver iodide pyrotechnic
flare developed by the Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA. [33]
In the summer of 1964, HydroQuebec used silver iodide generators to try to raise the levels of its reservoirs:
In 1966, scientists from the USAF Cambridge
Research Labs developed a “cloudbuster” - the same name assigned to an
apparatus developed by Wilhelm Reich at Orgonon (ME) over 15 years earlier -
which seeded clouds by plane with CO2.
In 1966, Project Hailswath involved 14 research
groups in hail suppression; meanwhile the U.S. DOD research on dissipation
of cold fog had moved into operational use by the Army and Air Force.
[35]
In 1966 the Federal Government spent about $7.3 million in ENMOD projects with eight agencies (NSF; FAA; NASA; Departments of Commerce, Defense, Interior, and Agriculture). The efforts encompassed: precipitation modification; hail suppression; fog and cloud dissipation; lighting modification; severe storm modification, and “other.”
The Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA)
has been a key player in both openly funded and more secretive ENMOD related
research.
Major research efforts in tornado modification; hurricane steering and cyclone manipulation were sponsored by the Office of Naval Research. [36] In sections below we will see that ONR and NASA are two of the many agencies that today fund major ENMOD research efforts, ostensibly, again, for civilian purposes - meaning research into atmospheric modeling for weather prediction, not modification or control.
It might, then, be propitious to ask at this
point if we are to believe that some gap occurred, where decades of major
ENMOD efforts of these and other agencies were abandoned or curtailed after
the U.S. signed the ENMOD treaty in 1977.
Total expenditures for ENMOD operations reached some $9 million in the fiscal year 1967 budget - this for the quantifiable, publicly visible, non-black programs alone. The secretive right-wing RAND Corporation think-tank secured numerous major initiatives in ENMOD development throughout the 1960s, all commissioned and supported by the U.S. government. The National Science Foundation in 1962 commissioned the RAND Corporation with a major study in weather modification; RAND won another major contract in 1964. [37] RAND’s Project Air Force (PAF) has been an exclusive Air Force/RAND partnership for 57 years. Originally known as Project RAND (an acronym for research and development), PAF was established in 1946. RAND’s ‘special status facilitates stable USAF support over an extended period of years as well as in-the-family access by the research staff to relevant Air Force information and management personnel.” Indeed, RAND is very much the deep inside. Recently declassified documents, for example, show that RAND helped guide the infant U.S. space satellite programs into their intelligence maturity. [38]
A search of publicly available RAND publications
from their own web site archive turns up only three documents on ENMOD, each
from 1969 or 1970, on fog suppression, rainmaking in Israel, and weather
modification. The abstract for the latter publication states:
A discussion emphasizing the importance of understanding the atmospheric environment in depth is a prime requisite for weather modification. Largely by the impetus of Langmuir’s research on the use of ice crystals in precipitation studies, the public has shown interest in “rainmaking” and cloud seeding activities during the past two decades.
In the early 1960s two major research documents
pointed the way to the use of computers for numerically modeling the
atmosphere. With the space age, essentially simultaneous observation of
atmospheric parameters has been possible on a global level. More important,
perhaps, is that these studies point out the danger that exists in attempts
to modify large-scale weather phenomena without sufficient understanding of
the possible results. [39]
But while RAND generated wads of research on satellite technology interests and weather modification, much of this remains highly classified.
Bibliographies from existing books on weather
modification programs in the 1960s and 1970s list hundreds of reports,
papers and books on ENMOD related research: one bibliography lists numerous
RAND studies, which RAND’s own on-line library does not today call up.
The answer may lie in the greater questions:
As ENMOD operations proliferated in the 1960s
and 1970s, the government and its army of ENMOD researchers faced major
emerging public policy issues.
Increasing ENMOD operations led to more and more
questions and concerns by the public, and, in some cases, interstate legal
challenges to the U.S. or state governments.
As one report noted:
The report’s attention to “conditioning such
attitudes” is an unveiled reference to the need for persuasive propaganda
or, in more contemporary language, perception management.
The hubris of the scientific community and
policy establishment shines here, in admission of the basic institutional
premise that “we know best what the public needs” and, therefore, we just
need to figure out what conditioning is required, and then “we can tell
them.”
At the same time, the policy establishment, in its own ranks, continued to formulate more stringent questions about ENMOD oversight and control: officials questioned whether decisions about modifying major storms should be undertaken by operating agencies, or whether they belonged in the hands of the Executive Branch, under the control of the President and his executive advisors.
But the growing sociological, legal and
oversight issues notwithstanding, the ENMOD establishment continued to
openly press its aggressive scientific agenda. (The extent to which
additional programs proceeded in secret is, obviously, unknown.)
In 1967 the U.S. Senate passed the “Magnusson Bill” (S373) authorizing the Secretary of Commerce to accelerate programs of applied research, development and experimentation in weather and climate modification. The bill allocated $12 million, $30 million and $40 million over the next three years. [41] They projected expenditures of some $149 million annually by 1970.
By FY 1973 there were over 700 degreed
scientists and engineers in the U.S. whose major occupation was weather
modification. [42]
Project Stormfury in 1969 seeded hurricane Debbie five times on August 18th and 20th, and the results,
The project involved NOAA, USAF, USN, U.S. Army
and the Department of Commerce. Hurricane Ginger was seeded in 1971.
[43]
Other major tropical storms were also targeted,
and programs waited for opportunities for ENMOD experiments on hurricanes,
but, not ironically, mother nature did not immediately cooperate in
providing candidate storms. Radio controlled “drones” (remotely piloted
vehicles) were already being tested for their potential to penetrate severe
storms and other high turbulence areas. [44]
Satellites were designed for weather
modification experiments where,
Satellites were deployed to describe the,
Satellites sounded throughout the atmosphere’s
depth using infrared and microwave remote sounding [sensing] techniques.
[45]
Wrote one researcher, echoing the opportunities enabled by rapid advances in state-of-the-art instrumentation and understanding in the 1970s: As the technologies develop and achieve the range and resolution required for our efforts in weather modification, remote sensing techniques should place our research on a whole new frontier. [46] Indeed, four or five key areas or “turnkey” technologies were identified for the realization of military ENMOD capabilities, and major funding and research attention was subsequently focused on them.
The development of pivotal “turnkey”
technologies - which continue to dictate the state-of-the-art in ENMOD
capacity - revolved around advances in:
The advent of solid-state electronic devices led
to miniaturization of systems and components, and the exponential advances
in computer technologies.
While radars and remote sensing technologies
themselves came of age, the platforms that enabled their manned and unmanned
deployment - especially in remote environments like deep space, severe
storms and deep ocean - matured rapidly and were both covertly and overtly
transitioned into operational use.
Supercomputers like the Cray evolved generation after generation until their capacity provided for phenomenal rates of data collection and assessment, while advanced languages, algorithms and modeling programs were refined - not specifically, but certainly available and adapted - for ENMOD applications.
Multiple and improved tests led to verification
of computer models, while the advanced technologies and platforms predicted
and confirmed ever more accurate conditions of state: severe storms models
proliferated, and they were fine tuned and modified to better and more
accurately predict and characterize weather events like tornadoes,
hurricanes and cyclones.
Because the earth’s atmosphere and climate (and, hence, severe weather events) revolves around wind and ocean currents, turbulence, condensation, energy budgets and heat transfer, the entire system, and its hemispheric and regional microclimates, are dictated by non-linear processes. That is where an understanding of chaos theory becomes critical.
Computers have provided significant insight into
chaos theory - they are essential to modeling of non-linear processes - and
one of the fundamental requirements for understanding non-linear behavior
revolves around a complete and accurate assessment of the initial conditions
of the equations of state (pressure, temperature, moisture content, wind
speed vector), and the boundary conditions within and between states. Radars
were used to determine which parts of clouds should be seeded, and to assess
the results of the seeding itself.
Critical as well, was the capacity to analyze and compare modified versus unmodified weather systems.
(Enter the University of Massachusetts MIRSL
labs, and the military’s attention to the ostensibly “benign” but otherwise
critical determinants of data collection, state-of-the-art radars, and
remote sensing technologies - all to be discussed in detail below.)
By the late 1970s it became obvious to some
researchers that ENMOD operations might one day determine the atmospheric
conditions over entire hemispheres and that these, in turn, through feedback
mechanisms and “teleconnections” of the global climate system - would
influence and dictate weather patterns elsewhere.
Attention shifted to understanding the global
energy budgets, and a major focus fell on the “triggers” of instability
found in specific cloud systems. Satellites were focused on understanding
simultaneous “hot towers” around the globe - a task that could now be
systematically accomplished through remote sensing from space-based
microwave and millimeter-wave radar platforms.
These “hot-towers” were the cumulus clouds, the “cylinders of the global heat engine,” and a “crucial part of the global heat pump:”
About the same time that attention was drawn to
developing the enabling technologies noted above, the National Academy of
Sciences identified four problem areas for sustained ENMOD research and
investments:
By this time however (circa 1971) the U.S.
government viewed ENMOD research as having transitioned from the “basic
research” stage to the “operational” stage.
Experiments were occurring - or had occurred -
in 22 countries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, Iran, Israel,
Kenya, Italy, France, South Africa, Congo and the U.S.S.R. Airborne seeding
programs were undertaken to combat drought in the Philippine Islands,
Okinawa, Africa and Texas. [49]
Fog clearing was a standard operation at
airports; hailstorm abatement was successful in several parts of the world;
forest fire control was being carried out operationally in Alaska; watershed
seeding was widely practiced; lake storm snow redistribution was under
extensive investigation. [50]
From 1971-1976 the Desert Research Institute at the University of Nevada ran the National Hail Research Experiment. Project Stormfury continued. In 1974 the U.S. DOD dictated that Stormfury researchers conduct,
In 1976, U.S. government officials outlined 50
experimental projects and 20 actual pilot programs costing upwards of $100
million over the next eight years. [52]
It was an explosive subject, up the 1970s but, after 1977, ENMOD interest seemed to disappear almost overnight. In other words, after decades of intense research and development, after billions of dollars of investment, after major institutions and governmental bodies were created and charged with oversight of ENMOD and its many peripheral issues, and after the entire reorganization of the U.S. Government to channel and guide and map out the future of this new and promising military and civilian “technology” - said to be more important than the atom bomb - everything stopped. Or did it? It was as if a huge curtain fell over the subject as all research, all institutional interests, huge salaries and thousands of jobs - vanished. And the mass media stopped reporting anything and everything as if struck by plague.
That - sudden and total silence - is perhaps the
most telling and suspicious indication of the secrecy and denial that the
ENMOD arena was shackled with. Today, 2003, it is almost as if it never
happened.
So wrote author Daniel S. Halacy Jr., in
his book, The Weather Changers, published in 1968.
Back to Contents 3. How to Wreck the Environment… Devastation as Government Policy In 1968, Professor Gordon J.F. McDonald, a member of President Lyndon Johnson’s Science Advisory Committee, elaborated in great detail on the state-of-the-knowledge weather modification technologies in a book chapter called “How To Wreck the Environment.”
McDonald described large field programs on
weather modification, and he elaborates on the scientific knowledge and the
capacity for the military to hide ENMOD operations behind environmental
chaos.
This raises questions about whether the military
has facilitated climatic mayhem - no matter the active or passive means - to
provide a permanent shield behind which to secretly operate. Blocking and
stalling on climate treaties is one such means. Certainly, if the
military-science-industrial juggernaut is operating on the premise that “we
can control tomorrow the adverse weather we create today” it is reasonable,
and perhaps even necessary, to believe that that is exactly what has
happened.
McDonald bemoans the potential to mask offensive ENMOD operations under nature’s irregularities, where an,
McDonald’s detailed discussions of manipulating
Antarctica’s ice sheets raise questions about the possible
military/scientific role in promoting the recent substantial Antarctic ice
shelf fractures and the unprecedented shattering of icebergs, heretofore
scientifically unknown. [56]
While the mean annual rise in global
temperatures might be the cause, one could imagine that Very Low
Frequency (VLF) waves propagated by submarines or other high-energy
transmitters might be responsible. The U.S. Navy is certainly capable of
irresponsible high-energy submarine testing: the U.S. Navy recently
confirmed, for example, that high-energy, low-frequency sonar experiments
have killed humpback whales. [57]
Another possibility is that downscaled thermonuclear devices have been tested in remote ice core experiments in Antarctica: McDonald addresses this potential scenario. Curiously, the military, since the World Trade center attacks, has stepped up its public relations campaign focused on the supposed necessity of detonating small-scale thermonuclear devices. It is not unlikely that high-energy and directed-energy weapons - nuclear or otherwise - are being sporadically tested beyond public or institutional oversight.
Indeed, as we will see below, it appears that
high-energy weapons have already been developed and tested under the
High-frequency Active Aural Research Program (HAARP).
Polar missions remain shrouded under programs ostensibly dedicated to research in “atmospheric monitoring” and “global climate change.” However, we should certainly question the involvement of major military industrial corporations, such as Raytheon Polar Services Co. (RPSC), contracted by the National Science Foundation to run all U.S. Antarctic bases under the United States Antarctic Program, in alignment with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The McMurdo Research Station alone is home to over 750 researchers and support personnel. World renowned scientist Dr. Rosalie Bertell today confirms that,
As noted in Air Force 2025,
Similarly, research has been conducted in
precipitation modification for decades. [60] Former French
military officer Marc Filterman outlines several types of
contemporary “unconventional weapons” using radio frequencies.
He refers to “weather war,” indicating that the
U.S. and the Soviet Union had already,
These technologies make it,
In Benign Weather Modification, published
March 1997, Air Force Major Barry B. Coble superficially documents
the existence of weather modification science - here is the curious
phenomenon of unclassified revelations once again - and he traces the
developments that have occurred, notably, in the hands of the Pentagon and
CIA’s staunchest ideological enemies:
Are we to believe that the U.S. national
security apparatus ceased all weather modification research even as the ever
hostile and encircling communist RED enemies pursued this research
emphatically?
Apparently so: Coble elaborates on the absence
of any U.S. military role in weather modification developments.
After this rather auspicious paragraph denying
any USAF or DOD interest or involvement in ENMOD technologies, Coble goes on
and eventually identifies existing “benign weather modification”
technologies under development.
He specifically notes at one point that
government research in benign weather modification, which in the beginning
he adamantly denied, continues:
What are we to make of these contradictory
statements? Plausible denial? The author earlier emphatically rejected all
military development of ENMOD technologies whatsoever.
This rejection came in the statements:
The author has led us through a maze of
contradictions. There is ongoing development, it is outlined to some extent
in this unclassified report, and in 1992 the annual government funding level
fell to $5 million! Naturally, as we are always reminded by the military,
the funding is on the decline.
What kind of funding occurred from 1979 to 1992? What kind of funding occurred, and occurs now, under the darkest and most secretive “black” programs of the U.S. national security apparatus? Now, perhaps this is the appropriate place to define exactly what is meant by “black” project. Black projects operate outside normal budgetary, directional and oversight channels.
According to John Pike and Steven
Aftergood of the Federation of Atomic Scientists, speaking on
black aircraft programs:
Pike and Aftergood calculated that up to $15
billion may have been spent on the secret - and some say non-existent -
Aurora program (see below). Other estimates put the “black” aircraft budget
(alone) at $14.3 billion annually. [69] The annual figure may
actually be much higher.
E-Systems is one of the biggest intelligence contractors in the world - doing work for the CIA, defense intelligence organizations and others - and $1.8 billion of their annual sales are to these organizations, with $800 million for black projects - projects so secret that even the United States Congress isn’t told how the money is being spent. [70]
E-Systems, it turns out, is involved in the
HAARP program (see below).
Another curious but oblique potential admission of the existence of these ENMOD weapons technologies can be found in Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction.
In this 1998 Air Force document delineating the
chain-of-command policies on “Meteorological and Oceanographic Operations,”
the Air Force states:
Are the governments or intelligence networks of
other countries informed about U.S. ENMOD capabilities? (Given that the
United States has installed many third world governments, with U.S. military
trained personnel, it is highly likely.)
What has brought these requests about? Is there
anything suspect about a statement that declares:
Is it merely anecdotal that the Department of
Defense is providing guidance as recent as 1998 on what to do if countries
request U.S. assistance on weather modification operations?
In a paper entitled "systems Considerations of Weather Modification Experiments Using High Power Electromagnetic Radiation,” presented at EXPLOSPACE Workshop on Space Exploration and Resource Exploitation, in 1998, author and DOD deep insider Dr. Bernard Eastland directly confirms that military ENMOD pursuits occurred after 1977.
As I will definitively show, the military
directives addressed above appear to be designed to help maintain the
highest levels of secrecy and security around ENMOD capabilities - a.k.a.
devastating weather weaponry, which are very real (as the above cited
research confirms) and, it would seem, available for select allied
deployments or missions as determined at the highest levels of the U.S.
State Department - or the shadow warriors behind it.
Having established that some discrepancy exists
between public statements made by military officials, that weather as a
weapon has been promoted in certain media venues, and that military programs
have occurred at some levels, I will now provide further definitive
evidence, examples and deep discussion of ongoing ENMOD realities.
Back to Contents 4. We Take the Brain - Prelude to Stealth, Deception and Death Modern aerospace programs and technologies had their genesis in the secret aerospace programs of the Nazi-American war machine. [73] Thus is it necessary to briefly revision the popular (limited) understanding of events that transpired at the end of World War II. On April 12, 1945, having crushed the last bastion of Nazi military resistance, U.S. forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower secured Thuringia, the heart of the Nazi secret weapons research and development programs in Germany. Eisenhower led the charge to transfer superior and futuristic Nazi weapons technologies to the United States before the weapons facilities were turned over the allied invading Soviet army on July 4, 1945.
The Soviets, of course, drew the iron curtain
over Thuringia and Eastern Germany for the next 43 years (to 1989).
General Eisenhower personally oversaw the removal of futuristic aerospace “assets,” including the Fi 103 “flying bomb” (propaganda name “V1”), the A4 rocket (“V2”), and - the world’s first deployable jet turbine aircraft - the Messerschmidt Me 262 (which as a fighter could attain speeds of over 800 km/h). At least five Me 262 planes were assembled under the direction of U.S. forces in control of the Messerschmidt Me 262 production factory from April to July 1945. The biggest and most secretive catch was an intact prototype of an all-wing, single engine, single-seater jet plane, type named the Go 229 V-3.
This plane bore a striking similarity between
the futuristic ‘stealth” bomber - the flying wing - unveiled in the United
States circa 1989.
It is notable that aircraft historian Curtiss
Peebles, in his Dark Eagles: A History of Top Secret U.S. Aircraft Programs
(Presidio, 1995), mentions both the Me 262 (page 16) and the Go 229 V3 (page
51) in passing, as if the reader will have some idea what they are or where
they came from.
He also mentions both aircraft in the context of
being far superior to anything the U.S. had at the time. [75]
Given the relative obscurity of these aircraft, and the means by which they made their way in to the U.S. intelligence apparatus, Peebles’ incidental mention, and the complementary omission of further details, bespeaks the defense and intelligence apparatus tactic for bring classified information or projects out into the public:
Allied intelligence ascertained well in advance
the locations of the supreme Nazi weapons facilities, including the exact
factories and their production capabilities, but the Allied bombing campaign
did not target the weapons complex.
For example, while bombs fell in an ostensible
attack on the V2 rocket production facilities near Nordhausen on April 3,
1945, the V2 centers were entirely spared: some 8,800 civilians instead died
when the bombs hit the town itself. There was no military significance to
these killings, merely eight days before the American troops arrived.
[76]
This is yet another example of war crimes
orchestrated within the U.S. government.
General Eisenhower oversaw the exfiltration of over 2000 Nazi scientists - experts in biological warfare, rocketry, munitions, intelligence and psychological operations (torture and propaganda) - to U.S. bases of operation, mostly, but not exclusively, in the continental United States. (It is notable that Eisenhower, later, as U.S. President, was ardent in his support of early ENMOD research and development programs.)
This mass and secretive recruitment and
exfiltration occurred under highly classified programs of the Office of
Strategic Services (O.S.S.) - and continued under its later incarnation, the
Central Intelligence Agency. These O.S.S./CIA programs were called
Project “Paperclip” and Project
“63.”
Through the defense and intelligence
establishment’s then “Operation Sunshine,” Nazi’s belonging to the elite
“Gehlen Org” - named for Nazi intelligence chief Reinhard Gehlen - were
exfiltrated into the CIA. [77]
The U.S. Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee (CIOS) was set up early in WW-II and tasked with collecting scientific data on the level of research attained by the Germans in select technical fields and weapons - primarily, at first, concerned with an atom bomb. Some 3000 researchers and engineers wearing U.S. Army and Air Force uniforms were attached to General Patton’s Third Army solely for this purpose, and they converged en masse on the Nazi secret underground weapons complexes of Thuringia after the Allied invasion.
Their slogan was:
The U.S. exfiltration of Nazi scientists paved
the way for U.S. aerospace killing superiority and the imminent
militarization of space.
One veteran rocket scientist from the Nazi V2
rocket program, Dr. Kurt H. Debus, served at one point as director of
the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral (to1975); he later turned up as
CEO of the secretive West German Orbital Transport and Missiles, Ltd.
(OTRAG)
corporation.
Another Nazi rocket enthusiast was Lutz Thilo
Kayser, OTRAG’s founder and manager, a former member of the U.S. ad hoc
committee on the Apollo rocket transport systems.
U.S. citizen Richard Gompetz, a
specialist on the V2 engine and another Cape Canaveral veteran, served with
OTRAG as well. [79]
OTRAG chose a very suspicious and remote location for their aerospace research and development projects: their operations in southeastern Zaire proceeded under a massive land-leasing arrangement with CIA operative and dictator Mobutu Sese Seko.
Seems OTRAG - with complete U.S., German and
French support - was testing and developing aerospace weapons (cruise
missiles, satellites) on territory leased from Mobutu in Zaire:
NASA has always been heavily involved in Zaire,
apparently involved with earth environment “remote sensing” projects, though
NASA interests and programs there remain mostly unexplained. [81]
USAID Project No. 660-0059, dated January 27, 1977, spelled out a cooperative agreement between the Mobutu government and NASA. Negotiated by Henry Kissinger, the project involved satellite reconnaissance station development by NASA, ostensibly for crop and water surveys. [82]
The project seems to have revolved around
advanced remote sensing missions, likely intended to serve the national
security interests of the US-supported Mobutu dictatorship, the clandestine
CIA war in Angola, and the mining interests (cobalt, copper, uranium,
diamonds and gold) of multinational corporations in Shaba and Katanga.
Further refined secret aerospace interests appear to have spun out of the 1950s CIA development of a lightweight STOL (short-takeoff-and-landing) aircraft, the human-piloted Helio Courier. Developed by a contractor in Norwood, Massachusetts, the Helio Courier was first utilized by Christian missionaries and other CIA front groups furthering secretive and genocidal Rockefeller interests (Chase Manhattan, Standard Oil) in Latin America in 1959. (Recall that the Rockefeller’s United Fruit Company interests worked hand-in-hand with GE’s pioneering ENMOD scientist Dr. Irving Langmuir in Honduras after WW-II.)
This remarkable CIA/NSA “asset” was kept secret
for three decades. [83]
Other major CIA aerospace “assets” were developed in collaboration with the Lockheed Aerospace Skunk Works facility and the ultra-high secrecy aerospace “black” programs test-bed at Groom Lake. Groom Lake or “Area 51” is one of the now known “black” operations bases established by the DOD and cloaked in secrecy. This “non-existent” test facility was designated “Area 51” by the Atomic Energy Commission in June 1958, but was built around 1955. The adjacent AEC proving grounds became known as the Nevada Test Site.
The base is now known worldwide as “Area 51” -
thanks to numerous mentions in Hollywood shows and movies - but this
designation was officially dropped in the 1970s.
Groom Lake gave birth to numerous “black” aerospace “assets” with complete defense and intelligence cooperation and support at the highest levels. Two that we know about include the infamous U-2 (Article 347) spy plane, and the SR-71 (A-11), a technological legend in its own time. Under “Project Oxcart,” the CIA used front companies to fund subcontractors for aerospace developments.
The A-11 and A-12 were declassified in 1981.
President Eisenhower was intimately aware of the development and deployment of the U-2. [84] CIA technicians worked frequently with Lockheed at Groom Lake on the U-2 and most major black aircraft to follow.
Allen Dulles (CIA Director, 1947-1961),
Richard Bissell (later CIA Director) and John McCone (later
CIA Director) were intimately involved as well.
In 1937, Steve Bechtel teamed up with
John McCone and Bechtel-McCone Corporation won major military construction
projects. It has been reported that the secretive CIA-insider Bechtel
Corporation was one of the prime contractors involved in the construction of
Groom Lake. Unsurprisingly, Bechtel Corporation has been heavily involved
with the Nevada Test Site (see information on Bechtel below); Lockheed
Martin is another Nevada Test Site contractor.
The CIA had a special training program to
provide CIA pilots for black aircraft testing and secret deployments - out
of Groom Lake and other locations. [85]
It is important to recall that Allen Dulles and his brother John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State) were lawyers with the Wall Street firm Sullivan and Cromwell, teamed with the Nazi Schroder banks to directly finance Adolf Hitler. [86] Notably, because it demonstrates both the propensity to obscure the real mission, and the early attention to weather related missions now undertaken routinely, proponents of the U-2 used research about the weather as a “cover” for the U-2’s real mission.
The first public notice of the U-2, on May 7,
1956, by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA),
stated that the U-2,
Other secret aircraft of the 1950s included the
Bell RX-1, RX-1A and RX-2 planes; the Bell X-16 was cancelled in 1955, but
its existence was not declassified until 1976. [88]
And then there was the WS-606 “flying disk”
project of the 1950s - about which almost no information is available.
[89]
Back to Contents 5. Stealth, Deception and Death - Unmanned Aerospace/Aerial Vehicles We can begin our assessment of the state of contemporary ENMOD technologies by narrowly addressing just one area related to ENMOD technology deployments: Unmanned Aerospace Vehicles or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles - UAVs - briefly mentioned above.
UAV research, development and applications are a
billions-of-dollars industry: the future has already arrived.
Early in 2002, U.S. Secretary of War Donald Rumsfeld added over $1 billion to the fiscal 2003 defense budget request to develop certain Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle (UAV) programs.
The DOD invested more than $3 billion in UAV
development, procurement and operations between 1996 and 2001; it plans to
invest $2.3 billion more by 2005 and is likely to spend $4.2 billion by
2010. According to the so-called UAV Roadmap, by 2010, the UAV inventory of
all the military services is expected to grow to 290 vehicles. [90]
UAV development is slated to occur with complete transparency: the above designated budgetary appropriations do not account for expenditures on secret programs, or the decades of previous UAV research and developments, or for current and future ongoing UAV development under top-secret black programs. Fleets, “packs” and “swarms” of UAVs or “drones” are already being systematically deployed around the U.S. The U.S. Coast Guard - now part of the Office of Homeland Security - is deploying remote-controlled low-flying surveillance aircraft (UAVs) of the type used by the U.S. Air Force in Iraq and Afghanistan, along the Atlantic Coast.
The acquisition of up to 76 drones nationwide is
part of Deepwater, the Coast Guard’s $17 billion program,
Where and how did such prodigious stealth
technology come about?
The birth of the UAV technologies seems to have spun out of a need for unmanned aircraft capable of highly secretive, dangerous missions like those undertaken by the U-2. Other missions revolved around remote sensing in severe weather, and dangerous overflights of “hostile” territory (China, Cuba, Russia), where the risk of human loss was high. From 1959 to 1962, working for the CIA, the Ryan Aeronautical Company developed the Q-2C and Q-2D Firebee - a high-altitude reconnaissance drone, code-named “Red Wagon.”
In 1962 the company won a $1.2 million follow-on
contract for the Model 147A drones code-named Firefly. The Firefly
reconnaissance drone reportedly photographed missile sites in Cuba, thereby
providing the documentation that reportedly initiated the Cuban Missile
Crisis. [92]
In the 1960s, numerous USAFpilotless unmanned aircraft - “drones” - were developed at Groom Lake. Unmanned high-speed drones tested and deployed in the 1960s included the Model 147 Lightning Bug - a spin-off of the 147A Firefly.
The Lighting Bug drones saw 77 missions, over
“Red” China and Vietnam, in 1965. Under Project “United Effort” (1965-1966),
the U.S. flew some 105 electronic intelligence missions over North Vietnam
and China, deploying the combat-ready Model 147 series UAV drones.
The 147s complemented and eventually replaced
the higher-risk manned U-2 missions in most cases, and the Model 147
Lightning Bug came in numerous specialized editions - the 147G, 147H, 147E,
147J, 147N, 147NX, 147NP, 147NRE and 147NQ - all adapted for specialized
intelligence and warfighting missions, costing U.S. taxpayers hundreds of
millions of dollars (minimum).
The 147S Buffalo Hunter was developed in 1967. There were 340 global missions of the Model 147 in 1968; 437 missions in 1969; 406 missions in 1971. From 1970 to 1971 the DOD quietly transitioned the Model 147 drone program out of the black and into the blue. Some 570 missions were flown in 1972; 444 in 1973; 518 from 1974 to June of 1975.
All told, the U.S. flew some 3,455 hostile UAV
drone missions against China, North Vietnam and North Korea. CIA involvement
with the Ryan Aeronautical Model 154 (P-4) Firefly was accidentally
declassified in 1969; the drone was used until 1971. [93]
The CIA program to destabilize the governments of China, Vietnam and Korea is well documented, and secret aircraft missions, U-2 and drone overflights, and other combat “drops”, were pivotal.
Flown out of Taiwan by CIA-trained pilots from
Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Chinese Army, numerous U-2’s were shot down
over China.
The unmanned UAV drones were frequently shot
down over the Chinese mainland as well: the Chinese claimed 19 downings of,
CIA aircraft also supported the Tibetan
liberation movement, and the many Tibetan liberation fighters trained by the
CIA in paramilitary warfare. Airborne biological agents were also released.
[96]
To explain away secret aircraft and missiles platforms that were spotted now and then, or to answer the occasional unwanted publicity or press coverage of a crash, or a downing over “hostile” territory, the U.S. DOD used a variety of dismissive and deflective tactics, issuing statements of “no comment” and sometimes outright denials.
Picking up on the sensitivity of these projects,
major U.S. media outlets like the New York Times downplayed or dismissed
reports, altogether hiding the existence of these secret assets from the
American public.
Notes aerospace historian Curtiss Peebles:
As mentioned previously, black projects
proceeded outside normal oversight and budgetary channels.
For example, in 1962 U.S. General Leo Geary
arranged a $500,000 contingency fund for the initial studies that led to the
Q-12 UAV (later known as D-21, code-named Tagboard); Lockheed Skunk Works
was the contractor, and the D-21 became more secret than the U-2 or the
A-12.
While the aircraft was developed at Groom Lake,
Tagboard funding and control was split between the CIA and the USAF, and the
project was open only to the highest level officials: on January 18, 1967,
for example, Lockheed chief designer Kelly Johnson met with U.S. deputy
Secretary of Defense Cyrus Vance over Tagboard.
The Tagboard project was cancelled in 1971; it was declassified (1976-1977) by the tactic of putting the planes out in open spaces in towns where other aircraft were publicly visible. No photos showing the D-21 (piggybacked on top of the B-52H transport aircraft for launch) were released until circa 1982. Virtually all of details of the D-21 Tagboard, as with other major black aircraft made public, were not released until they appeared in 1993 in a highly patriotic and politically whitewashed book about Lockheed Skunk Works. [98] USAFSystems Command took over the operation of Groom Lake by 1970.
Soon thereafter, further extreme security
measures were implemented as a series of new exotic aerospace projects
evolved. Of course, under the imminent 1980s puppet Presidency of Ronald
Reagan, black programs went even blacker. These included the Have Blue and
Tacit Blue ( Shamu) stealth technology demonstrators (flights of these
reportedly ended in 1985).
The Tacit Blue plane was a Defense Advanced
Research Projects Administration (DARPA)
funded program, begun in 1978, revealed in April 30, 1996. [99]
In April, 1976, a $32.6 million contract was issued by DARPA to Lockheed Skunk Works for the black aircraft Hopeless Diamond - the Lockheed XST stealth fighter - also know (apparently) as Have Blue.
Based on the implementation of low RCS
(radar-cross section) stealth technologies developed under Project “Harvey”
in the early 1970s (terminated 1975), Have Blue was officially confirmed in
1988, although photos were not released until 1991 (and these were released
by accident). [100]
Aircraft 780 or Senior Trend was the F-117A fighter developed in the 1970s and lasting into the 1980s. As with other secret aerospace technologies, the F-117A was tested at the Tenopah Test Range (TTR), another secret base constructed northwest of Groom Lake; all flights occurred at night, in keeping with the increasing secrecy of black programs in the 1980s.
The F-117A was declassified in 1988: given
numerous crashes and leaks, it was no longer possible to be plausibly
denied.
Based on unclassified DOD info, the F-117A first
saw combat in the euphemistically named Operation Just Cause, where
thousands of innocent people were killed and thousands more wounded, during
the illegal U.S. war against Panama (over CIA drugs profits), ordered by
then President George Bush (I), then Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, and
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Colin Powell, in October
1989. [101]
In 1983 a company called AeroVironment attracted government sponsorship from a “classified customer” to build a proof-of-concept solar-powered UAV.
(Please take note of these three organizations -
NRO, CIA and NRL - to be discussed at length below for their direct
financial and programmatic support of ENMOD development and enabling
technologies.)
This solar-powered UAV, developed at Groom Lake,
was called HALSOL (high-altitude solar) - and later HALSOL Pathfinder - and
it remained classified until 1993. NASA later adapted HALSOL for classified
“atmospheric research”. HALSOL was very similar to a “white” UAV called the
Helios SRA, also designed for “atmospheric research”. [102]
In the early 1980s DARPA funded the development of the black Teal Rain UAV - later known as Amber - with a $40 million development contract to Leading Systems Corporation (bought out in 1990 by General Atomics).
The Amber program was partially declassified in
1987, although many of its characteristics remain “highly classified”. Amber
I was developed for U.S. Army Intelligence tactical programs, and it was
reportedly cancelled in 1990, and the designation of Amber I suggests there
might be further Amber developments. [103]
AeroVironment also developed the Pointer, Pioneer and Exdrone UAV’s under black contracts. There were 533 sorties of the Pioneer UAV flown during the Gulf War - at least one Pioneer UAV was aloft at all times. U.S. Marines flew some 55-60 Exdrone UAV missions in the Gulf War. [104] In the summer of 1993, Pentagon acquisitions chief John Deutch put out tenders for a UAV of certain specifications. This resulted in the GNAT-750, another Leading Systems development bought out by General Atomics. The CIA (under R. James Woolsey) controlled the black GNAT-750 program, and the unit deliverable price was $800,000 each. Reportedly, the GNAT-750 UAVs were first deployed during the U.S. war in Bosnia. [105] To round out the discussion of UAV platforms, “drones” and other black aircraft, we need to interrupt our examination of UAV platforms and developments to briefly examine the veracity of the primary source of black aircraft information sited thus far, the 1995 Curtiss Peebles book, Dark Eagles: A History of Top Secret U.S. Aircraft Programs.
Such an examination is important to the subject
of secret ENMOD research and development pursuits, for it is precisely the
lack of disclosure - and the cult of secrecy and denial behind it - that
characterizes the entire military and intelligence apparatus, and the ENMOD
arena that proliferates within it.
First consider that according to aircraft historian Curtiss Peebles, the GNAT-750 effort discussed above “marked the return to black aviation by the CIA after two decades” absence. To begin with, it seems unlikely that the CIA would cease and desist “for two decades” from black aviation projects - and then just as suddenly resume.
If we extrapolate backwards from the date (1993)
the GNAT project was tendered by CIA director R. James Woolsey (based on
information from Curtiss), the “two decades” of CIA inactivity (!) would be
1973 to 1993.
Please recall that this was a very auspicious era, replete with such milestone American events as Watergate, the Church Committee exposures on assassinations and coups, the U.S. supported invasion of East Timor, Iran-Contra, Reaganomics and the emergence of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) - Star Wars - the predecessor to the now burgeoning Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) program. Thus to situate the above Peebles’ comment, we need to examine the greater veracity of the Dark Eagles text. Much of the information offered in Dark Eagles is easily verified. Indeed, propaganda is generally true, and within the greater proliferation of selective and narrowly delineated truths one can neatly bury the occasional lie - which will then be believed.
The beauty in propaganda, in disinformation,
comes as well in the absence of any greater critical assessment, the
selective use of certain facts and innuendos, or the complete dismissal of
other, potentially damaging facts.
In the last chapter of Dark Eagles, Curtiss Peebles peddles the standard mythologies and fear about what the George Bush (II) gang has recently dubbed the “Axil of Evil.” Peebles demonizes North Korea, Iraq and Iran, rogue nations all. All are totalitarian countries built around the cult of the leader and the ideology of violence, revenge and hatred. They define their status in terms of large military forces used to carry out their leaders’ will. All have secret police used to crush internal enemies, real or imagined. [106] Indeed, had he not prefaced these comments with some attention to the so-called “rogue nations” of North Korea, Iraq and Iran, we might otherwise attribute them to the United States of America. They certainly fit. However, Mr. Peebles would never entertain such heresy, no matter that these statements are easily supported in examination of US foreign and domestic policy over the past five decades, as I have begun to show, and will continue to show. From the above statement it is an easy extension to establish that Mr. Peebles is a willing apologist for black programs, permanent warfare, and the concomitant military terrorism of the United States of America. Indeed, in his closing chapter Peebles addresses the complaints made by critics of the US military-industrial complex.
He suggests that black programs characterized by
fraud, waste and abuse - in the language of the Federation of Atomic
Scientists - were actually cost savers, and that some companies even
returned funds to the US government, and that some programs came in “under
budget”. His arguments mirror those of other rapacious multinational
industries where some “savings” - ostensibly benefiting US taxpayers - has
been instituted.
Ditto for those environmentally hostile
corporations who green-wash the public with examples of “good corporate
citizenship” and ‘sustainable manufacturing” otherwise instituted merely in
pursuit of greater efficiency - and hence profits.
Multinational corporations seek to maximize profits, by any means necessary, and the scale of any “cost-savings” passed on to the public pale in comparison, for example, to the billions of dollars in tax breaks and special compensations secured - by the US government - for multinational corporations. It seems likely that one could prove that any funds returned by a corporation were not returned in the interest of equity and honesty, but in the interest of some damage control or other.
Peebles also furthers the omnipotent myth that
US military budgets are ever under attack and threat of reduction. Nothing
could be further from the truth.
Peebles deals with issues of the lack of oversight with simplistic and dismissive examples selectively chosen to buttress his narrow argument. Hence, for example, “today the full defense and intelligence communities review” the GNAT-750 program. No matter that the GNAT-750 has already been transitioned out of the black and into the blue.
In any case, he notes, black projects prevail
under a climate of integrity, self-sacrifice and accomplishment, and there
are reasonable checks and balances secured “by the responsibility of
customers and designers to give and get ‘straight answers’.” No matter, as
Peebles himself has repeatedly noted throughout his book, the propensity of
DOD officials to lie through their teeth while looking you straight in the
eye.
Curtiss Peebles is a patriotic American who believes in the unquestioning support of the U.S. military, its secret agencies and covert operations. Nowhere is this better illuminated than in statements made by Peebles in answer to critics’ complaints about costly boondoggles and lack of oversight. Curtiss Peebles’ rationales for U.S. military proliferation testify to his obvious bias in favor of the secrecy and denial of the U.S. military and intelligence apparatus.
Without black programs, unfettered by oversight
and loosely funded outside normal governmental channels:
Certainly not, and some thousands of innocent
Iraqi people might be alive today because of it.
And, in any case, we the people - and our
precious democracy - would not have benefited from:
This last statement is an open admission that
Curtiss Peebles cannot be trusted to objectively investigate and disclose
the extent of black aircraft operations, deployments, or the ongoing
billions-of-dollars programs in black projects research and development.
Given the extent of the information he has made
available to us, we might plausibly assume that he has access to inside
information precisely because he is a trusted and willing agent supporting
the cult of plausible deniability - through selective disinformation and
intentional propaganda. He has openly expressed his unquestioning and
patriotic support - indeed his duty - to defend the cult of secrecy and
denial, by any means necessary.
As we shall soon see, his role in spreading
disinformation in support of the permanent warfare economy fits quite neatly
into a larger propaganda and warfare framework.
Only two further black projects - presumably test-flown from the secret Groom Lake and TTR bases - have since been officially acknowledged: the stealth air-launched Lockheed Advanced Cruise Missile (ACM), reportedly cancelled in 1992, and the Northrop Tri-Service Stand-Off Attack Missile, reportedly cancelled in 1994. Secretive UAV developments and related black programs technologies do not begin and end with Groom Lake - or the newer Tenopah Test Range (TTR) nearby.
The RAND Corporation has persisted in its
insider DOD capacity as a significant and heavily funded resource in UAV
studies and research. One RAND study, for example, examines the importance
of mini-UAVs and micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) for urban conflict scenarios.
The MAV is,
Visible in the unclassified arena alone, there
are small fleets of UAVs of varying capacities in service today.
The U.S. military has over 200 UAVs of all types
today. Others are under development. Consider that all branches of the
military currently deploy UAVs with sophisticated SIGINT, COMINT, C4ISR,
C4IST, EW and ADP (Air-Delivered Payloads) capabilities. [108]
The U.S. Army Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (TUAV)
and the U.S. Air Force Global Hawk and RQ-1 Predator UAVs saw significant
operational deployment in the war on Afghanistan, where they proved
themselves indispensable, and they are part of a major array of
weapons-bearing UAV-type systems slated to deploy various payloads sporting
weather warfare enabling technologies. [109]
RQ-1 Predator was also deployed over Kosovo.
[110]
General Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. (GA-ASI) literature clearly states:
GA-ASI systems in use today include: RQ-1
Predator, and its advanced follow-on, Predator-B; GNAT, Prowler II and ALTUS
UAV platforms.
Figure One
General Atomics RQ-1 Predator UAV
Current military plans for Global Hawk (Northrup
Grumman) and RQ-1 Predator (General Atomics) include the multibillion dollar
ongoing research and development effort to implement a wireless “Internet in
the sky,” allowing thousands of UAV robots to communicate quickly while
zooming around a battle zone at speeds of up to 300 miles an hour.
An association of some 300 scientists and
engineers coordinated by the Office of Naval Research is about a
year-and-a-half into a five-year, $11 million effort. The project is called
Multimedia Intelligent Network of Unattended Mobile Agents, or Minuteman.
The network communications structure, developed
by UCLA Prof. Mario Gerla, will deploy the highest-flying UAV, Global
Hawk, as a “cell [phone] tower in the sky.” [111]
On August 23, 2002, General Atomics ASI announced that the combat-proven RQ-1 Predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) successfully launched a mini-UAV while in flight. Known as a Flight Inserted Detector Expendable for Reconnaissance ( FINDER), this 57 lb mini-UAV was carried on a pylon under Predator’s wing and released at an altitude of 10,000 feet.
The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)-produced
FINDER mini-UAV program is designed to evaluate Predator’s capability to
carry and launch independently controlled and self-propelled mini-UAVs into
hazardous conditions. [112]
According to General Atomics:
Said differently, these UAV, mini-UAV and micro-UAV
platforms and sensors will relay information essential to successful
military campaigns - including ENMOD operations.
Other sensors and systems, and mission
parameters, remain undefined due to the highly classified nature of their
missions. Included in these are ENMOD objectives, since UAV payloads will
certainly include major sophisticated weather sensor technologies that have
already been transitioned into the DOD’s operational arenas.
By February 21, 2002, the U.S. DOD had already purchased 79 RQ-1 Predators from General Atomics, for a per unit price of about $7 million, or some $553 million dollars. [113] Other major aerospace weapons platforms developed under secret black operations (and associated with ongoing black programs) include:
Little is known about the Aurora program, and it
has been heavily denied. [114]
Armed Forces Journal has described it as “a very
black program within a black program.” Believed to have been developed
during the 1980s and 1990s, speculation has placed Aurora under the purview
of the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).
Supposing it does exist, it is believed that the
Aurora craft can exceed speeds of Mach 6. Counted amongst the newest secret
aerospace developments is the Bird of Prey - named after the Klingon “Bird
of Prey” seen in Star Trek.
A product of the Boeing Aerospace Phantom Works
facility, the Bird of Prey UAV was unveiled on October 18, 2002.
It is important to recognize the scale of the black programs.
In 2002, according to the Center for Strategic
and Budgetary Assessments, the U.S. military’s black budget was slated to
rise to levels not seen since the 1980s, from $16.2 billion last year to
$20.3 billion.
Back to Contents 6. May The Force Be With You! Where, and so suddenly, did all these sophisticated and seemingly futuristic UAV technologies come from? Will ENMOD technologies be similarly transitioned into the public sphere?
Talk and deployment of UAV “drones” has become
increasingly prevalent, and these hitherto unknown killing technologies have
splashed onto the overt policy, “news” and war-making arena seemingly
overnight. Indeed, they are appearing everywhere, all at once.
With out the least trace of irony, we can say for certain that we know where the language and public introduction of these new technologies came from - language like “drones,” names like Predator and StrikeStar and DarkStar for example - and perhaps we can now reflect on the relevance and importance of the timing of the releases of the Star Wars films and their many lesser spin-offs.
These films habituated U.S. citizens to an
increasingly militarized environment, the physical and social environments
of every day life now characterized by rapid technological changes, and
changes that are occurring at a rate far more accelerated than the rate of
human adaptability, and beyond the capacity for any organized social
protest. Indeed, the rate of change is overwhelming.
These major Hollywood productions were clearly intended to facilitate the military objectives of “turning science fiction into fact” and it is in the context of the popularity of these films, and the hundreds of millions of dollars dedicated to their production and proliferation, that we can situate the realities of the “death-and-destruction” technologies that were developed behind them.
Indeed, the technologies did not appear
overnight: the Hollywood Star Wars type films were the chronicles of death
foretold.
Take two recent print magazine features for example. The campaign to manage public perceptions of U.S. militarism has penetrated all quarters of American daily life and major articles selling the patriotic imperatives of UAV weapons and communications platforms, for the example at hand, have appeared in popular print magazine venues. In a highly sexualized account, Mark Bowden in “The Kabul-ki Dance” (The Atlantic Monthly, November, 2002), canonizes the “astonishing precision of modern American weapons” used in Afghanistan and the “extraordinarily brave stealth operators” who deliver them.
This includes ‘sleek and cool” weapons of
death-and-destruction, and the “coming of age of UAVs” armed with cameras
and missiles - “drones like the Predator (RQ-1), which made a name for
itself for the first time in this conflict” - which, in Bowden’s reading of
war, eliminated the propensity for “death-and-destruction” which
characterized the anachronistic wars of bygone eras.
Indeed, he eulogized,
Bruce Sterling, writing in the popular
Gen-X/Gen-Y magazine WIRED takes the U.S. military agenda even further in
“ASTROCOP: The Race to Dominate Space is Over: We Won! Now What?”
Curiously, Sterling postulates several of the
very same “futuristic” scenarios of battle as were articulated as concerns
in the Air Force 2025 document. Is this a coincidence? Does it signify a
lack of editorial imagination? Or does it signify the intimate relationship
Sterling enjoys with the defense intelligence and information warfare
apparatus?
Indeed, “intimacy” is a poor choice in the
lexicon of prostitution: WIRED has certainly been expropriated - most likely
a willing volunteer - for the U.S. war effort. In any case, WIRED is
published by The Conde Nast Publications, a mammoth publishing
enterprise sporting such major bastions of pop-culture as Vanity Fair,
Vogue, New Yorker, House and Garden, Self, Allure, Glamour, Brides and GQ.
Bruce Sterling’s “ASTROCOP” feature outlines in detail many of the heretofore unappreciated but enabling satellite technologies designed to complement operational capabilities of weather warfare.
These include the many advanced but operational
billions-of-dollars constellations of satellites already in place, major
components of the satellite space warfare and environmental warfare theater,
which includes:
Of course, we are told nothing of the
billions-of-dollars research, development and deployment programs, veiled by
the C4ISR/C4IST apparatuses, that have also launched satellites and other
aggressive payloads into space.
These two propaganda features provide egregious examples of popular print venues - often perceived as editorially progressive - serving as unquestioning vehicles for the Pentagon’s disinformation war against the American public. Both authors have prostituted themselves to the moral bankruptcy of the military-industrial complex - and they were most likely coached in generating the propaganda they did, and/or groomed for the positions - as writers - they have ascended to. Examples of the technologies seen first in Hollywood films include small, remotely deployed, information sensors scattered over the landscape (see the BAE Systems development of MIUGS devices below) reporting on the comings and goings of Luke Skywalker and his droids.
Our first introductions to the conceptual,
albeit futuristic, realities of the info-warfare “drone” technologies - the
UAVs, UCAVs and TUAVs - came through such films as Dune, Star Wars and Star
Trek. The decades old Star Trek series, of course, set the stage.
It is important to truly appreciate the subservient role that the mass media and entertainment industries play in further institutionalizing the American addiction to war and space. Consider that the Pentagon has sponsored hi-tech “brainstorming” sessions with some of Hollywood’s most celebrated science fiction writers and producers.
With a five-year, $45 million dollar contract
with the U.S. Army, the Institute for Creative Technology in Marina del Rey
(CA) has been tapping the creative genius of John Milius (co-writer:
Apocalypse Now), David Ayer (writer: Training Day), Ron Cobb (creature
designer for Star Wars films).
Hollywood consultants are paid anywhere from
$500 to $1,000 a day to dream up new high-tech military gizmos. [117]
Other highly leveraged corporate ties proliferate. For one example, consider that one of the directors of aerospace and defense giant GE Company, Barbara Scott Preiskel, is also a director of the Washington Post, and she is Senior Vice-President of the Motion Picture Associations of America, New York, NY.
For a second example, consider that Lucille S.
Salhany sits on the Hewlett Packard board of directors with Philip M.
Condit, Chairman and CEO of The Boeing Company, and that Lucille S. Salhany
was President of United Paramount Network (1994-1997); Chairman and Director
of Fox Broadcasting (1993-1994); and Chairman of 20th Century Fox Television
(1991-1993). [118]
The Chairman of the board of a massive tier-one defense corporation called Allied Defense Group (ADG), discussed below, is General (Ret.) J.H. Binford Peay, III , previously Commander-in-Chief, and Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army. It is notable that General Peay’s is a private consultant to Walt Disney Imagineering, a major subsidiary business of Walt Disney Company. Of course, Walt Disney Company owns ABC Broadcasting, purveyor of ABC News, World News Tonight with Peter Jennings, Nightline, Prime Time Thursday, 20/20 and other major broadcasts. The ABC television station group includes 10 local stations, which reach 24 percent of the country’s TV households. The ABC Entertainment Television Group includes both the ABC Entertainment division and the Touchstone Television studio, which brings major programming to CBS and NBC networks as well. As owner of 53 local radio stations, ABC Radio Group reaches 15 million listeners on a weekly basis, while ABC Radio Networks provide programming to more than 4,600 affiliated stations reaching 126 million people weekly. ABC Radio also includes Radio Disney, which is available in 48 markets, representing 54 percent of the country.
About 2.5 million children ages 6-14 and 1.4
million moms tuned to Radio Disney on a weekly basis in 2001.
Walt Disney Television International (WDTV-I) distributes almost 5,000 hours of programming, including war propaganda films such as Pearl Harbor, to 120 countries around the world.
Walt Disney publishing company Hyperion
publishes bestsellers that hide and deny the significance of U.S. military
terrorism, as with George Carlin’s Napalm and Silly Putty, which by virtue
of its title alone suggests that napalm is some benign children’s toy, and
not the deadly chemical agent that burned uncountable bodies of innocent
men, women and children under defoliation bombings in Vietnam.
Notably, the effectiveness of napalm was studied
under the Pentagon’s “Project Heatwave” in 1966, overseen by the Cornell
Aeronautical Laboratory, a premier defense contractor for military aircraft,
and chemical and biological weapons.
The Cornell labs - and the napalm work - were
intimately connected to Rockefeller interests. [119]
A nother poignant example of the relationship between the peddlers of the permanent warfare economy and the major entertainment venues in America, note that defense and intelligence deep-insider General Alexander Haig - a major Reagonite and Star Wars proponent - is today director for major media giant America Online, and director for the mammoth Hollywood films corporation Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) - the producer of major propaganda pictures, like Black Hawk Down. It is through the proliferation of such popular cultural artifacts as sci-fi films (Star Wars) and techno-mags (WIRED) that the military will continue to acculturate the public to its agenda, and thereby facilitate the easy transitions of state-of-the-art technologies - such as weather warfare capabilities - into the unclassified (public) arena.
Mass media and pop culture technology and
warfare purveyors like novelist Tom Clancy have done their part to
acculturate the public to the DOD and intelligence war-fighting agendas, and
to further institutionalize the permanent warfare economy of the United
States.
The transition from military classification to public purview occurs through well-defined “public acclimation programs” designed to slowly leak and strategically place information, and through extensive perception management (propaganda) campaigns which thereby acclimate the public to DOD pursuits, objectives, technologies or programs that might otherwise spark massive resistance or public protest. Attesting to the awareness of elite DOD planners about the potential public resistance to ENMOD pursuits are the following statements made by a consultant to the HAARP ionosphere modification project in Alaska. (See: Angels Don’t Play This HAARP, Section 10, herein.):
While his ties to the military industrial
complex run to the deepest levels, as we will later show, Dr. Bernard
Eastlund’s pursuit of ENMOD research and technologies ostensibly in the
private sector can be gleamed from the web site of Eastlund Scientific
Enterprises Corporation.
The corporate product line includes such
state-of-the-art ENMOD capabilities as:
Not coincidentally, Dr. Bernard J. Eastlund -
whose ENMOD research and development has proceeded under the guise of
private and supposed non-military pursuits - was Vice President for Energy
Technology with BDM Corporation from 1979 to 1984.
For years BDM has operated as a major front
company for the intelligence apparatus (see below). As a consultant to
Atlantic Richfield Corporation (ARCO) from 1984 to 1987, Eastlund developed,
From 1966 to 1974, Dr. Bernard J. Eastlund
managed research programs for Controlled Thermonuclear Research for the U.
S. Atomic Energy Commission. [122]
Eastlund’s connections sink deep into the classified military-industrial arena, and it is just such cases like Dr. Bernard Eastlund that provide stark examples of one of the means whereby the military realizes its objectives - even those prohibited by international treaties.
And that is through the ostensible independence
of private sector actors, those who are otherwise deeply in tune with both
overt and covert military goals, allowing the DOD and its peripheral and
supporting agencies to hide behind intelligence and defense “front
companies” and thereby exercise their highly efficacious - and deceitful -
constructs of plausible deniability.
Recognizing early on that it would be “essentially impossible,” to “conceal” or “cover-up” the sheer physicality of the huge HAARP antenna systems, DOD classification was strategically dismissed. In contradistinction are the numerous highly classified ENMOD programs whose “concealment” and “cover-up” was both feasible and deniable, in an effort to prevent “unavoidable surprises” by an educated, intelligent but dissenting public - a public unwilling to tolerate the egregious arrogance of elite planners, and their plans for the hostile manipulation of the earth’s environment.
Having pursued their ENMOD agendas under the
veil of secrecy, without public approval or discussion - and with plenty of
overt research and development pursued by proxy agents in the so-called
“private sector” - these people are now preparing to transition large-scale
weather-as-a-weapon developments into the public realm.
The objective, again, is to use them openly and
without question.
The public hysteria whipped up as an integral
part of the United States’ “war
on terror” offers an apt vehicle for the introduction and
deployment of such technological madness.
Back to Contents 7. Remote Sensing - Not So Remote Not coincidentally, UAVs are amongst the platforms consistently used to deploy and test some of the ongoing weather sensors and weapons pursued in unclassified technology research and development programs geared toward the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).
Virtually all of these programs, on their face,
are described as weather analysis, data collection and research, and, to be
fair, those applications certainly exist. However, it is disingenuous to
dismiss the military applications, given the funding sources and the many
aerospace and defense programs already using these technologies in one way
or another. Indeed, this area revolves around highly lethal and offensive
military capabilities.
UAV’s will operate as sensors, scientific data and image collectors transmitting climate and weather data to ground stations, satellites and airborne platforms.
They might also be deployed as the vehicles to
deliver seeding agents, to facilitate or distribute other ENNOD inputs at
the precise place and time. One thing is certain: UAV’s are expected to be
integral components for the facilitation of remote sensing, weather
collection, climate and atmospheric data collection and analyses, and rapid
information transfer - all crucial to offensive military ENMOD capabilities.
The Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory (MIRSL) at the University of Massachusetts has for seventeen years pioneered the research and development of sophisticated sensors, radars, receivers, transmitters, antennas and systems for the most egregiously hostile military weapons systems and weapons platforms applications, for weather characterization and investigation, and ultimately - whether MIRSL researchers admit this or not - to enable weather modification and control. Virtually all of the technologies were developed under funding by the military industrial complex, and it is quite possible that intelligence operatives work within the U-Mass “community;” they are certainly monitoring the academic “community” in any case. [123]
Until the late 1980s, at least, significant
classified research occurred at U-Mass. MIRSL personnel regularly staff
flights and tests deploying weather monitoring (clouds, ocean waves,
hurricanes, atmospheric) and measuring equipment.
The MIRSL expertise focuses on microwave and millimeter wave technologies for RADAR, communications and EW applications. These MIRSL enabled technologies are also deployed for SIGINT, COMMINT, C4ISR and C4IST capabilities. These technologies have seen direct applications, in repeated tests and experiments, and they are the technologies of current choice in use in the armed forces, and of future choice for an array of offensive capabilities identified in the unclassified Air Force 2025 document. The U-Mass MIRSL research is aligned with the U.S. Department of Defense ARM-UAV (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement - Unmanned Aerospace Vehicle) Program - another program euphemistically dedicated to “atmospheric measuring and monitoring” for benign purposes. One of the companies involved in the ARM program is Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc. (AER), in Lexington Massachusetts.
AER offers satellite-borne sensors,
Providing remote sensing technologies and data
“for diverse scientific, military and commercial applications” AER’s clients
include,
AER is also teamed on some ENMOD related
projects with the Desert Research Institute. As previously noted, the Desert
Research Institute was involved in major ENMOD projects, including the
National Hail Research Experiment (1971-1976). [124]
Another key ARM program participant is SeaSpace Corporation, a major vendor of satellite “weather and climate” ground stations for defense customers: the SeaSpace connection leads us on a wild goose chase of powerful interlocking defense and intelligence corporations and interests. SeaSpace Corporation was recently acquired by major defense and intelligence corporation Allied Defense Group, Inc, (formerly Allied Research Corporation). ADG sits at the pinnacle of defense and intelligence power, peddling weapons, intelligence and security all over the world.
According to company literature, ADG is “a
diversified defense and security firm, developing and producing conventional
weaponry, sophisticated security systems, innovative training and simulation
products, and mission-critical safety and environmental products, for
markets in Europe, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, North America and South
America.”
The ADG Chairman of the board is General (Ret.) J.H. Binford Peay, III, former Allied Research Corporation Chairman of the Board, President, and CEO, previously Commander-in-Chief, and Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.
Current directors include:
General Peay is a private consultant to Boeing
Corporation, and, as mentioned previously, he is a private consultant to
Walt Disney Imagineering, a major subsidiary business of Walt Disney
Company.
ADG director Ronald H. Griffith is a former General (Ret.), and Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, and he remains the Executive Vice-President and Chief Operating Officer of an elite, and somewhat exceptional, private military company called Military Professional resources Inc. (MPRI)
MPRI is a private mercenary firm based in
Alexandra, VA, responsible for egregious private military terrorism all over
the world. [125] MPRI’s terrorist activities take place with full
diplomatic cover of the US, and they are rarely if ever mentioned in the
media.
MPRI principals include:
Soyster arranged the MPRI mercenary program in
Croatia with the help of CIA director John Deutch. [127]
Two more MPRI executive warmakers are Mr.
Hardisty, who served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, headed the U.S. Pacific
Command, and serves on the CIA’s military advisory panel; and Mr. Trefry,
executive vice-president, who served as a military assistant to the White
House under President Bush (I). It has also been reported that MPRI counts
General Alexander Haig as a principal executive, (this remains unverified).
Returning to the ARM-UAV program, this aerospace and defense initiative was made visible in the mid-1990s with millions of dollars in funding from the DOD Strategic Environment Research and Development Program (SERDP). SERDP continues to fund UAV and satellite platform technology developments for the ARM-UAV program of the U.S. Department of Energy.
The U.S. DOE in turn has funded the University
of Massachusetts MIRSL program. [128]
Further ENMOD related research and development
at MIRSL has been sponsored through NASA (ERAST) programs. [129]
The NASA Environmental Research Aircraft and
Sensor Technology (ERAST) program awarded major contracts to General Atomics
Corporation to develop/adapt the GAC Predator-B UAV platform,
Taking place on a remote ice floe in the Arctic
Ocean is another major ARM scientific spin-off effort, the SHEBA program.
The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean
Project (SHEBA) continues under the omnipresent and all-encompassing U.S.
Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) sponsored by the DOD, DOE, NOAA,
NASA, NSF and ONR, and initiated in 1997.
Now let’s ask a few questions about the above
statements.
How much climate change research is needed? Is
it reasonable to believe that the billions of dollars that have been devoted
to “global climate change research” in the recent past have been dedicated
to that?
Given the extent to which the defense scientific
and intelligence community has gone to destroy the environment, and the
policies, programs and regulations put in place to maintain entrenched
nuclear and petroleum industries, and to destroy emerging solar technologies
in the 1980s, should we not assume without question that some major
proportion of this funding has been allocated to ENMOD weaponry?
What are the “national security requirements” of the U.S. Global Climate Research Program? Why is the DOD involved, if not to secure their broad and ubiquitous war-making interests? While it is certainly true that “more research needed” has become the mantra behind which action to mitigate global climate change is stalled or suspended, it is also true that data collection, remote sensing, computer modeling, and platforms (for deployment) research and development for ENMOD purposes has been taking place. Funding for U-Mass MIRSL research has come from virtually all the major advanced weapons systems and programs research and development agencies:
From FY 1990 to FY 1994, less than four MIRSL
principal investigators received approximately $ 8,155,117 from these
agencies for remote sensing research or experimentation on:
Working with the U-Mass MIRSL scientists on
their various programs are also:
Massachusetts’s contractors involved at various
levels include,
Danaher Corporation - the parent company of
Kollmorgen - is a major contractor, with over 30 subsidiaries, involved in
key aerospace, defense and SDI programs. (Danaher director Alan G. Spoon is
President of the Washington Post.) [133]
Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Turners Falls, MA, is an R&D firm with decades of involvement in ENMOD military thrusts.
In the 1960s, while at Cambridge Systems Inc.,
YES founders designed the TMQ/22 Tactical Measuring set for the U.S. Army;
TMQ systems have been used for years; YES collaborates with the White Sands
Missile Range on this project today. In October 2001, two retired U.S. DOD
insiders - Lieutenant Colonels Dave Sautter and Bill Bauman - both former
USAF officers, joined YES after 20-year careers as “meteorologists” with Air
Force Weather.
Major YES customers, partners and programs relating to ENMOD technologies include:
Note that almost all the U.S. National
Laboratories are involved as customers, and these are the same National Labs
responsible for some of the most secretive military programs in the history
of the United States.
They are also responsible for major nuclear
(plutonium) contamination to the environment, for radiation testing on
humans, and numerous other billion-dollar boondoggles. [134]
U-Mass MIRSL Labs work in partnership with the National Center for Atmospheric Research at the University of Colorado. It should not come as a surprise that the most extensive hydroscopic [cloud-seeding] test to date, run in Mexico by scientists from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, for the past few years (1999-200?), has conducted some 99 seeding missions, showing rainfall increases of as much as 40 percent. [135] SPAWAR,
The Air Force Research Laboratory is entrenched
in UAV and UAV payload, sensors and weapons research.
A subdivision of the Air Force Material Command
(AFMC), AFRL’s UAV efforts were outlined in a recent (2002) AFMC
publication. A feature titled “Turning Science Fiction Into Science Fact”
reported, for example, that the next-generation X-45A Unmanned Combat Air
Vehicle (UCAV) was successfully test flown at NASA’s Dreyden Flight Research
Center on Edwards Air Force Base (CA) on May 22, 2002.
The X-45A is a DARPA, AFRL collaboration with
Boeing’s highly classified Phantom Works research and development facility.
Another insider space and ENMOD warfare operator is Mission Research Corporation, involved in,
Major Mission Research Corporation clients and
partners include all the standard ENMOD participants funding the U-Mass
MIRSL labs:
Note that AFRL funding and programs direction
comes from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR).
Both AFRL and AFOSR were identified above as
funding sources for U-Mass MIRSL labs research and development, and both are
sponsors of the private MIRSL spin-off companies Prosensing and Quadrant
Engineering, and Yankee Environmental Systems (YES). The AFOSR director of
some $60 million in annual physics and electronics programs is Dr.
Forrest J. Agee, also a former manager of strategic [black] C3 programs
at BDM Corporation (1979-1982). [137]
Another BDM corporate insider from 1978 to 1992 is former USAF Colonel William P. Schneider, a Soviet area studies expert who went on to found the private Technical Research Corporation (located on Langley Drive, VA), which specializes in stealth, missile and electromagnetic energy and laser technologies for aerospace applications. [138] BDM Corporation is another of those shadowy national security apparatus insider corporations that has been involved in questionable [read: highly illegal] activities, including mercenary operations abroad. One BDM International acquisition was Vinnell, an old mercenary firm that had been around since the Vietnam War days. [139] The Carlyle Group recently acquired 26 percent of BDM stock.
Carlyle counts amongst its principals former
Secretary of State (1989-1992) James Baker, and former Defense Secretary
(1987-1989) and CIA Africa hand Frank Carlucci.
A defense and intelligence deep insider,
Carlucci formerly served as Assistant to the President for National Security
Affairs under President Reagan; Deputy Secretary of Defense (1980-1982); and
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (1978-80).
James Baker was White House Chief of Staff for
President Bush (1992-1993) and President Reagan (1981-1985); he was also
Secretary of Treasury under Reagan (1985-1988); and he was President Ford’s
Under Secretary of Commerce.
Carlyle’s international advisors include former British Prime Minister John Major (Chairman of Carlyle Europe) and former German Central Bank President, Karl Otto Pohl. Current Carlyle Chairman Louis V. Gerstner recently served on the board of directors of the New York Times Corporation, and remains a director of Bristol Myers Squibb, a pharmaceutical giant which retains deep ties to the New York Times Corporation. Unsurprisingly, Karl Otto Pohl has also served on the advisory board of Barrick Gold - with former CIA Director and U.S. President George Bush (I), former prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney, and former U.S. Senator Howard Baker. With the likes of Henry Kissinger and David Rockefeller, Mulroney sits on the Advisory Council for Chase Manhattan Corporation.
It is no accident that Barrick Gold’s
devastating mining operations, with military support at the highest levels,
remain off the media agenda. [140]
Another Barrick director is Edward N. Neys, also a director of the highly secretive public relations and perception management firm Burston-Marstellar. In true perception management form, Brian Mulroney is a trustee for the right-wing Freedom Forum media think-tank (publisher of the influential academic Media Studies Journal). [141] As noted by intelligence investigator Wayne Madsen,
In 1998, BDM - entrenched in ballistic missile
defense (BMD) systems - was acquired by TRW, a major DOD intelligence,
satellite and space warfare insider corporation, charged with violations
about BMD monopoly by the Federal Trade Commission. [143]
(Note that TRW was itself absorbed by Northrup
Grumman amidst major Securities and Exchange Commission violations charges
in December of 2002.)
BDM was just one of the corporations under contract in 1998 to the DIA and CIA “to procure various weapons from dubious international sources under the covert “foreign material acquisition” program.” [144]
Under this program, authorized in the
Intelligence Authorization Act for fiscal year 1991, the U.S. congress
permitted the DIA to establish private “businesses” as cover for military
intelligence-gathering operations. [145] Licensed for export by
the U.S. government, BDM shipped over $80,000 worth of computers and
computer-assisted design equipment to Iraq for utilization in Saddam
Hussein’s weapons programs between 1985 and 1990. [146]
One of the most notable points about BDM, is
that the AFOSR director of some $60 million in annual physics and
electronics programs is Dr. Forrest J. Agee, was a former manager of
strategic [black] C3 programs at BDM Corporation (1979-1982).
With the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and U.S. Navy, Boeing Phantom Works is developing the UCAV-N (Naval Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle).
Notably, Boeing Phantom Works plans deployment
of their “Advanced System-of-Systems” Future Combat System by 2012.
Such systems almost certainly revolve around
weather warfare capabilities cloaked by euphemisms like “precision
all-weather” surveillance and targeting for C4IST/R.
Figure Two
Two UAV and/or UCAV Technologies Under Development through AFRL. Unmanned Air Vehicles
Says Major Gen Paul Nielsen, AFRL
Commander:
AFRL is developing UAV (and manned vehicle)
hypersonic propulsion technologies allowing speeds over Mach 6 (4500 mph).
[147]
Another partner working with the U.S. Navy, DARPA and Boeing Phantom Works on UAV technologies and their related C4ISR/T is BAE Systems, a U.S./U.K. multinational corporation flagged in 2002 by the United Nations’ Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
BAE Systems violated international sanctions by
illegally shipping spare parts to the Zimbabwe Air Force for ZIM Mark 60
Hawk Fighters.
Intermediaries in the deal included John
Bredenkamp and Liberian President Charles Taylor, both widely known for
international criminal operations in arms and diamonds smuggling amidst
massive loss of human life in Liberia, Sierra Leone and DRC. [148]
BAE Systems recently demonstrated their “Micro-Internetted Unattended Ground Sensors” (MIUGS). These hand-deployed MIUGS provided coverage of more than two square kilometers of the China Lake Superior Valley test range, and sent back target reports to a command and control center 30 miles away.
The sensor nodes successfully detected
“high-value targets” (such as mobile missile launchers) and cued a Predator
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to verify the target. BAE’s Information &
Electronic Warfare Systems (IEWS) business received a $10 million
development contract in July 2001 to develop rapidly deployable, networked
sensors, to fight the “war on terror.”
Note that BAE Systems executive Curtis Gray has
a long history of employment with Boeing (Phantom Works) and Rockwell
International. [149] BAE Systems is reportedly involved with the
blackest of black programs: the development of anti-gravity technologies,
including an advanced anti-gravity fighter-interceptor. [150]
The USAF COROLIS weather satellite (delayed from launch in December 2002) provides another recent example of sophisticated ongoing ENMOD research where stated objectives of “data collection and analyses for meteorology and weather forecasting” most likely cloaks the hidden ENMOD agenda.
As noted in the promotional materials of
Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER):
The COROLIS satellite will carry a U.S. Navy
WINDSAT polarimetric microwave radiometer to measure the ocean surface wind
vector on a global scale.
The NPOESS Program is described as,
Other satellites recently launched for
classified - or ill-defined, at the very least - ENMOD pursuits are the two
NASA “research” satellites launched by a Boeing Delta 2 rocket on January
12, 2003 at Vandenburg Air Force Base.
This $298 million dollar NASA mission launched
their ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) and CHIPSat (Cosmic
Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer) spacecraft duo.
According to NASA,
Assembled by Ball Aerospace, ICESat will be
controlled through the University of Colorado in Boulder.
Both Ball and U-Colorado are clients of, or
partners with, U-Mass MIRSL labs. The Ball ICESat is specifically designed
for remote sensing missions and onboard technology was previously used for
QuikSCAT and QuickBird missions. But like the NPOESS mission above, the true
objectives of these satellite programs and missions remain shrouded in the
scientific euphemisms of global climate change research and climatological
assessment.
The importance of satellite platforms to environmental warfare cannot be understated. Guidelines on “weather control by space means” have already been developed, though they purport to accent the concern of scientists about the adoption of “weather mitigation technologies” for military purposes.
How do we delineate the responsible scientists
from the irresponsible scientists? Which category does Dr. Eastlund himself
fall into?
One is reminded of the statement by the
environmentalist David Brower, about the preponderance of those
around him to be "stark raving mad.” Fear of military expropriation is no
reason to stop, in any case, according to Eastlund, no matter that that is
the near certain outcome, and - I suggest - that Dr. Bernard J. Eastlund
knows perfectly well what hidden agenda - military expropriation - he is
furthering.
The DMSP satellite constellation employs microwave imagers for weather sensoring, and like the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), it carries,
These are the kinds of futuristic-here-and-now
systems enabled by U-Mass MIRSL military-funded research and development
programs.
It is interesting to note that solar powered satellites were operational by 1979 - even as emerging solar technologies for public and environmental benefit were being expropriated by big oil, gas and nuclear interests. [156]
These satellites have the capacity to generate
extremely high power energy beams.
By placing these satellites in geosynchronous or
lower orbits,
Eastlund’s Thunderstorm Solar Powered
Satellite (TSPS) would use WRS-88D Doppler radar imaging systems to
remotely sense and modify severe storms (with special interest in tornadoes)
by zapping them with high-power beams of electromagnetic radiation.
Eastlund notes that the,
To get around this minor obstacle, attention is
focused on the civilian benefits of localized storm mitigation. Nonetheless,
“it is our recommendation,” he wrote,
It is precisely through such ostensible
gate-keeper institutions (U.N.,
World Bank,
IMF, ITTO) that the Euro-American military
industrial complex has circumvented international treaties in the past.
The suggestion is disingenuous, cosmetic, and
irrelevant, in any case, as military ENMOD pursuits for hostile applications
have proceeded unchecked since the late 1940s - with complete impunity - and
in total violation of the 1977 ENMOD Treaty.
The continuing ENMOD research of Dr. Bernard J.
Eastlund offers indisputable testimony to that.
Back to Contents 8. Academia - Science, Self-Deception and Denial Through MIRSL, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and their alumni, the University of Massachusetts retains significant, meaningful and contemporary ties with defense and intelligence institutions, and through these ties the faculty gains critical feedback to enable them to further hone and focus their research activities in accordance with major military objectives and trends.
This is standard operating procedure.
As university researchers learn what technologies corporations, agencies and institutions need, they develop programs aimed at providing the basic support research, and at developing the necessary intellectual and human capital. This is how such research programs - and the academics involved - insure their proliferation and success.
Thus are university grants written with a
thorough understanding of the military and intelligence needs. Funds are
subsequently provided; intellectual and human resources are developed and
then transferred to the funding institutions; the cycle is then complete.
The researchers and scientists involved in the development enabling ENMOD pursuits - and other major war-fighting technologies in any case - deflect critical attention from their agendas using a variety of dismissive means and narrow justifications. If their statements are to be believed, then they are accomplished agents of self-delusion.
In contradistinction, it may be - and seems most
likely that - such researchers have become so completely entrenched in their
areas of expertise that they are no longer able to see the sky for the
clouds:
Such are the defensive manifestations of
interest. It is quite reasonable, as well, to expect that such people are
prone to lying outright, and getting away with it.
Says MIRSL professor David McLaughlin,
for example, on the question of ethics and military applications of MIRSL
research and technology developments:
Dr. David McLaughlin has received over $2
million in grants from above noted military agencies and defense contractors
during his tenure at U-Mass.
He is currently spearheading a major technology
initiative to develop and implement an advanced national security and
weather “prediction” sensor grid system that will utilize and locate MIRSL
sensors and surveillance technologies on the available “real estate” being
leased on the over 200,000 existing telecommunications towers across the
United States.
MIRSL’s lightweight millimeter-wave radars were
specifically designed for military UAV applications.
MIRSL technologies have been directly adapted for other major warfare platforms, with significant applications by the U.S. Navy, particularly for anti-submarine warfare applications. MIRSL is working with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and California Institute of Technology to provide more futuristic millimeter-wave radars for satellite applications; MIRSL has worked extensively with the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP).
MIRSL remote sensing technologies have been part
of Antarctic research missions.
MIRSL’s Focused Phased Array Imaging Radar (FOPAIR) has been applied to the problems of measurements of the air-sea interface - another of those boundary zone chaos modeling programs of importance to, and funded by, the Office of Naval Research; the FOPAIR is mounted on the deep sea “FLIP” platform of the Scripps Institute of Oceanography.
Notes the MIRSL brochure:
In a series of articles delineating the critical
military importance of strategic and tactical oceanography, the U.S. Navy
states very clearly that:
Nothing could be further from the true interests
of the U.S. Navy, but it is very telling that they draw attention to the
ostensible concern - and certain need - to mitigate global climate change.
This is how such agencies co-opt and exploit
very feel and justified public fears and concerns about global climate
mayhem; meanwhile pursuing agendas that ever hostile, and arguably,
disastrous to the ecological integrity of the earth.
The articles goes on to describe the importance of remote sensing and numerical computing for understanding ocean currents, energy budgets and the fundamental dynamics of ocean systems - and the subsequent importance of these to tactical naval and anti-submarine warfare.
Finally, the articles note at length the
essential role of the military-academic interface. [165]
We should not fail to note that the authors of the above referenced Oceanus articles show a remarkable propensity to have swung through the revolving doors from the U.S. Navy (e.g.: ONR and/or Oceanographers of the Navy) to the Scripps or Wood Hole oceanographic institutions, or vice versa. Rear Admiral R. F. Pittenger, for example, was recently (circa 1991) appointed Arctic Coordinator for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute.
Craig E. Dorman was (circa 1991) Director, Woods
Hole, and Rear Admiral U.S. Navy (Ret.). The journal Oceanus - “The
International Magazine of Marine Science and Policy” - is published by Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institute.
It might also be possible that MIRSL researchers are able to maintain the façade of plausible denial and their supposed independence from active ENMOD research by collaborating in a passive “don’t ask, don’t tell” or “need-to-know” arrangement with the military.
In this very real and plausible scenario, MIRSL
research teams - like hurricane chasers - are not privy to the military
plans and objectives, whereby cloud seeding or other environmental
modification is actually taking place - for example - through the use of
auxiliary aircraft unbeknownst to MIRSL teams.
Hence MIRSL researchers might very sincerely
believe that they are not part of ENMOD operations, no matter that they are
merely uninformed about - or close their eyes to - the greater “mission”
realities taking place around them. While this possibility is highly
speculative, it is also both reasonable and likely.
We should take a moment to note the insidiousness of research institutions otherwise believed to be furthering purely scientific or academic knowledge - or protecting the earth’s environment and people.
These include such monumental propaganda
deceptions as:
It does not take a lot of research to establish
and definitively verify the intimacy between these organizations, major
corporations that revolve around a permanent warfare economy, the U.S. DOD,
and the military and intelligence apparatus.
NASA has become the preeminent vanguard of the
militarization of space, while NOAH and the oceanography institutes serve
the complementary functions - an economy of war - in inner space and the
marine environments.
One of the most important points of this study is that the lines between military and civilian, academic and industry, government and corporations, no longer exist. The only differentiating parameter is the degree of classification involved on the military side, which uses the resources, research, development, data and human inputs from the civilian side. It should be clear enough by now that University of Massachusetts researchers are using the cover of civilian atmospheric research and geophysical monitoring to support the U.S. Department of Defense objectives from the most basic and fundamental levels to the highest echelons of classified research and development.
And, by the way, we might note that the agenda
of the military branch of the U.S. government might more aptly be summarized
under the title Department of Offense.
Back to Contents 9. ‘StrikeStar” - Drones in Packs and Swarms The obvious extension of benign weather modification UAV developments is to expand UAV use to include lethal missions.
Indeed, by 2025 - were we inclined to suppose
that it has not already been achieved in its full or partial operational
capability today - the Air Force intends to deploy the StrikeStar UAVs.
The StrikeStar is,
However, as described below, StrikeStar’s
predecessors are numerous and sophisticated, and they are also engineered
for lethal missions.
These are very real, existing UAV “drones” and
their coming dominance was secured through Star Wars entertainment films
that massaged and prepared the public mind to accept and tolerate such
lethal and unnecessary futuristic weaponry.
A higher performance vehicle is the Teledyne Ryan Aeronautical Conventional High Altitude Endurance (CHAE) UAV. Referred to as the Tier II+, or Global Hawk, it is designed to fulfill a post-Desert Storm requirement. Tier II+ [was] scheduled to fly in late 1997 and meet a price requirement of $10 million per unit. StrikeStar will give the war fighter a weapon with the capability to linger for 24 hours over a battle-space 3,700 miles away, and, in a precise manner, destroy or cause other desired effects over that space at will. Bomb damage assessment will occur nearly instantaneously and restrike will occur as quickly as the decision to strike can be made.
StrikeStar will allow continuous coverage of the
desired battle-space with a variety of precision weapons of various effects
that can result in "air occupation"-the ability of aero-spacepower to
continuously control the environment of the area into which it is projected.
Not only could a StrikeStar hold the enemy at risk, it could produce unparalleled psychological effects through shock and surprise.
In the words of Gen Ronald Fogleman,
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force,
A final task, well suited to a StrikeStar ,
would be covert action against trans-national threats located in politically
denied territory or in situations were plausible deniability is imperative.
Because of a StrikeStar’s endurance, altitude,
and stealth characteristics, it could wait, undetected, over a specific area
and eliminate targets upon receiving intelligence cues. If required for
plausible deniability, specialized weapons could be used to erase any US
fingerprint. Uniquely suited to a StrikeStar would be delivery of
high-kinetic-energy penetrating weapons. [167]
Recalling that we have greatly narrowed the scope of our assessment into the military interests of ENMOD developments to focus on UAV capabilities as ENMOD platforms, we now have stated confirmation that these technologies will be used for covert action missions where specialized weapons could be used to erase any US fingerprint to insure plausible deniability. Air Force 2025 has an entire chapter dedicated to secretive Special Operations Forces and covert operations. (Recall that these operations are accountable to no one; they perpetuate terror as a means of social control; they are amongst America’s most egregious examples of instruments of state power hostile to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.) [168]
While impossible to verify, most likely UAVs
carrying ENMOD technologies in various states of development have already
been deployed on covert operations.
These drones have multiple secret, lethal and “benign” operational capabilities. UAV purchase costs alone, ignoring the monstrously high but incalculable research and development costs paid by U.S. taxpayers, range from $1 million to $20 million per unit. [169] Many of these UAVs will carry radars, passive and active antennas, electro-optical (EO) devices and systems, phased array systems, and sophisticated weather data banks, all fundamentally enabled through the intellectual resources, and the computational, theoretical and applied research programs of the University of Massachusetts MIRSL laboratories. [170]
Numerous other major aerospaceborne weapons and
intelligence platforms also utilize technologies enabled by MIRSL students
and scientists. Most of these UAV configurations will deploy some level of
active and lethal ENMOD capabilities.
As revealed above, payloads will also include,
Similarly undefined, these “other desired
effects” certainly include ENMOD capabilities already under development.
As we will see below, these are numerous means by which environmental warfare can and will be waged. It is important here to pause and recall that military strategists and leadership, in their reports and their direct quotes - as previously delineated above - have emphatically denied the existence and military interest in even the most “benign weather modification” (BWM) technologies. That is the point of departure from which to assess the monumental scale and complexity of the weather warfare deceptions. To reiterate, the UAV section above offers one fraction of insight into the nature of the secret ENMOD developments under pursuit by the national security apparatus.
What follows is further evidence from the most
widely publicized case on record.
Back to Contents
10. Angels Don’t Play This HAARP [171] Between August and September 1958, the US Navy exploded three fission type nuclear bombs 480 km above the South Atlantic Ocean, in the part of the lower Van Allen Belt, closest to the earth’s surface.
In addition, two hydrogen bombs were detonated
160 km over Johnston Island in the Pacific. The military called this “the
biggest scientific experiment ever undertaken.”
Designed by the US Department of Defense and the US Atomic Energy Commission, and code named “Project Argus,” this gigantic experiment created new (inner) magnetic radiation belts encompassing almost the whole earth, and injected sufficient electrons and other energetic particles into the ionosphere to cause worldwide effects.
The electrons traveled back and forth along
magnetic force lines, causing an artificial “aurora” when striking the
atmosphere near the North Pole. [172]
These pioneering experiments were the first of many - some of which are ongoing today - some of which I have already mentioned, but many which I have not, that were involved with ENMOD research, development, test and deployment.
These programs included:
The details of many of these are readily
available.
Note that the Air Forces’ Project Stormfury
continued in ENMOD pursuits for five years subsequent to the U.S.
ratification of the 1977 International ENMOD treaty.
Perhaps the most comprehensively documented of the above programs - at least in the unclassified literature - is the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program - HAARP - investigated in detail and documented in the book Angels Don’t Play This HAARP. This huge experiment being conducted in Alaska uses very large arrays of transmitters and receivers to generate energy beamed into the upper atmosphere. (The research will be briefly summarized here.)
According to authors Nick Begich and
Jeane Manning:
According to Dr. Rosalie Bertell, the
U.S. Military’s first target under the HAARP program is the electrojet:
The electrojet will become a vibrating
artificial antenna for sending electromagnetic radiation raining down on the
earth. The U.S. military can then “X-ray” the earth and talk to submarines.
[174]
No surprise, by the way, aerospace systems are some of the most disruptive agents leading to global climatic mayhem.
Says Bertell:
In researching Angels Don’t Play This HAARP,
the authors discovered numerous patents associated with the HAARP program
for nuclear weapons, atmospheric disturbances and, of course, weather (ENMOD)
weaponry.
Many of these were originally controlled by
ARCO Power Technologies Incorporated (APTI), a subsidiary of Atlantic
Richfield Company, one of the biggest oil companies in the world. APTI was
the contractor that built the HAARP facility.
ARCO sold this subsidiary, the patents and the
second phase construction contract to E-Systems in June 1994. [176]
Again, it is no surprise to find significant
evidence that the military has directly pursued the ENMOD research and
weather weapons capabilities discussed with trepidation by national science
adviser Gordon J.F. McDonald (cited above) who, as early as 1968,
articulated the dynamics of energy perturbations, thresholds and
instabilities.[177]
In light of the conclusive evidence of weather
warfare capabilities outlined above it is instructive to revisit the recent
statements by USAF Major Barry B. Coble and USAF Director of Weather
Brig. General Fred Lewis - both previously cited herein:
And, of course, were we similarly inclined to
trust what we have been told, Lee Harvey Oswald, a lone gunman, assassinated
John F. Kennedy.
Back to Contents 11. Contrails - God Bless America Early efforts at ENMOD operations using the exhaust streams of jet engines in flight to disperse cloud-seeding agents were briefly described in section 2 above.
To begin this section readers should begin by
noting that the Air Force 2025 document outlines ENMOD operations based on
disbursement of substances through jet engine afterburners. [179]
Naturally, as with the military’s “interests” in ionospheric modification programs (HAARP) for military communications benefits, we are again told here that “no known military applications of this technology have been realized.” [180]
What is more alarming however is the evidence
that the agents being dispersed by these methods are not at all ‘safe” as
described above.
This ENMOD subject area, euphemistically known as CONTRAILS - for condensation trails - but more appropriately dubbed CHEMTRAILS - for chemical trails - has become a major area of public inquiry and alarm, as evidenced by the range of critiques and analyses posted on the Internet, the citizens groups taking action against it, and the petitions to the U.S. Congress calling for a full scale investigation.
According to a large citizen’s research group:
Chemtrail spray planes have also been sighted
over England, Europe, Australia, Mexico, Bahamas, Brazil, Croatia and Puerto
Rico.
Thousands of eyewitnesses - including pilots,
police officers and military personnel - report seeing up to eight or more
tankers laying chemtrails in X-patterns, parallel rows, tic-tac-toe or
cross-hatched lines. [181]
According to ENMOD expert and author Dr. Rosalie Bertell,
Notes author Bob Fitrakis:
As an aside to the main theme of this writing,
we can be reasonably assured that at least some of the UFO sightings
reported throughout the 1950s and 1960s were due to secret aerospace and
intelligence programs, including psychological operations (Psyops) by the
intelligence community.
As noted in the above paragraph,
the CIA
and DIA have admitted to fabricating reports of UFO sightings in order to
mask the very real sightings of futuristic aerospace technologies. This can
be easily understood in the context of secret aerospace research and
development programs needing to test prototypes of top secret airborne
weapons and platforms while simultaneously needing to deter and deny any
public knowledge of their existence.
Such platforms certainly included,
It is likely that some of the disc-shaped
objects reported as UFOs were/are the aerospace test-beds for anti-gravity
propulsion systems - developed and tested at Groom Lake.
As for the CIA’s Project MK-ULTRA, this secret program born in the “50s went far beyond “mind-control experiments using LSD.”
Unaware that there were guinea pigs for the CIA,
and sometimes forcibly held against their will, subjects were given a ‘sleep
cocktail” of varying doses of Thorazine, Nembutal, Seconal, Veronal and
Phenergan, and then subjected to 150 volts of electroshock for periods
twenty to ninety times longer than normally applied by physicians, two to
three times a day for fifteen to thirty days, and sometimes as long as
sixty-five days. [184]
The CIA was interested in creating a blank mind that could be reprogrammed.
The Rockefeller Foundation funded the sensory
deprivation MK-ULTRA research, and the program continued for 20 years,
involving over 750 subjects. Nelson Rockefeller and CIA Technical Services
Director Dr. Sidney Gottlieb were intimately involved; the program was
shielded behind the National Institute for Health. [185]
As President Eisenhower’s special representative
to the Special Planning Coordination Group - the NSC ‘special Group” charged
with covert operations - Rockefeller also had oversight responsibilities for
the CIA’s development of its clandestine aviation capabilities.
The formal U.S. “national security” doctrine of
“plausible deniability” was born under President Eisenhower and Nelson
Rockefeller and the "special Group”. [186]
It is curious to note that right-wing apologists for the permanent warfare economy often seek to deflect attention from legitimate issues and government activities like black programs, covert operations, assassinations, CIA drug-running operations, mind-control experiments and similar realities, by labeling them as “conspiracy theories” and then ridiculing those who attempt to bring such very real programs and activities to light as “conspiracy theorists”.
In this vein, the specter of “black helicopters”
is often thrown up as some sort of outrageous product of the conspiracy
theorist’s imagination - entities having no basis in fact.
On the contrary, black helicopters are very real - products of Sikorsky, United Technologies and others - and the deployment of these black helicopters in operations designed to perpetuate terror are equally real.
Two examples of U.S.-supported terrorist
operations using black helicopters procured from the U.S. war-making
establishment come quickly to mind:
12. The Revolving Doors of Secrecy and Denial It is interesting to note the extended connections between so-called “civilian” university research programs, their graduates, and the institutions of secrecy where ENMOD and weather warfare technologies are most likely - and, it seems, certainly - under development. A major player at least peripherally, if not totally, involved in the secret arena of ENMOD warfare technology research, development and deployment is Science Applications International Corporation - SAIC - the original developer of Department of Defense information technologies like Arpanet - the military precursor to the Internet.
UCLA Professor Mario Gerla developed the
communications structure for the Multimedia Intelligent Network of
Unattended Mobile Agents, or Minuteman project, described above (Section 5):
Dr. Gerla worked for the US government on the Arpanet. [188] As
noted above, computational superiority - the Internet and other
supercomputing and information technologies - is a turnkey technology for
ENMOD realization.
Raytheon Corporation and GE Aerospace are both major players and both have had major collaborative programs with the University of Massachusetts Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). In the 1980s both corporations hired and then funded U-Mass ECE graduate students who went on to work for them.
The GE/U-Mass Microwave Master’s Engineering
Program was one such collaboration, discontinued by the early 1990s.
[189]
The Raytheon collaboration continues, and
Raytheon currently employs numerous former ECE and MIRSL (Microwave Remote
Sensing Laboratory) Master’s and Ph.D. graduate students.
Raytheon’s Surveillance and Reconnaissance Systems Division produces a wide array of “highly advanced tactical and strategic sensors” for major air and space programs: key products [were] deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, including the Integrated Sensor Suite onboard the Global Hawk(UAV) and AAS-52 Multi-Spectral Targeting System aboard the RQ-1 Predator (UAV).
A 2001 contract award is upgrading the
intelligence gathering capability of the U-2 aircraft. Raytheon provides the
Tactical Control System ground stations for major UAV programs including
Global Hawk, RQ-1 Predator, Shadowand Fire Scout UAVs. Raytheon Technical
Services provides support for some 50 scientists working through the winter
at the South Pole. [190]
Directors of Raytheon Corporation (2002) include John Deutch, also an Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a former Deputy Secretary of Defense (under Clinton) and Director of Intelligence at the CIA (circa 1996).
John Deutch is also a director of Cummins Engine
Company, closely aligned with General Dynamics, Boeing, Lockheed, and the
media giant Gannett Company. He is also a past paid consultant to Martin
Marietta. [191] The Gannett media conglomerate shares directors
with Lockheed McCorkindale), and Cummins engine (James A. Johnson).
Raytheon Director John. H. Tilelli, Jr., retired as General from the U.S. Army (2000), was in charge of Command operations in Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm. Tilelli is now President and CEO of Cypress International, a private military corporation serving elite DOD and intelligence interests (in some untransparent capacity). It is important to note that John H. Tilelli was also General, U.S. Army, Commander in Korea, and that South Korea has major ongoing ENMOD programs certainly developed under U.S. military tutelage.
These Korean ENMOD programs include:
Following other programs underway in China and
Japan (since 1998), the Korea programs are integral to aerospace warfighting,
weather-making and C3IST/R capabilities.
These efforts are a collaboration of the Korea
Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) and - it should be no surprise to learn
- the Office of Naval Research. [192] KARI is also behind the
Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) program - a series of multipurpose
satellites (first one launched 1999) for “earth resources sensing and
scientific experiments.” Supporting KOMPSAT is TRW. [193]
Recall that GE Research Labs at Schenectady pioneered early weather modification experiments through Project Cirrus in the 1940s. GE Aerospace Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, (NY), was heavily involved in research and design of beyond state-of-the-art technologies for aerospace radar, communications, EW, C4ISR, C4IST and SATCOM (satellite communications) applications.
Major programs pursued through the 1980s
supported larger GE in-house contracts and industry partnerships (e.g.
Hughes, Boeing, Lockheed) contracts on SBR (Space-Based Radar), DMSP and
MILSTAR satellite constellations, and other defense programs.
(Hughes Space and Communications Company is a
leading satellite supplier for NASA and U.S. DOD.)
A major thrust of the laboratory was the
development of GaAs (gallium arsenide) integrated circuits to enable planned
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) sensors and weapons technologies. The
Electronics Laboratory was involved in numerous highly restricted classified
programs. It was one of the many GE Aerospace assets purchased by
Lockheed-Martin in the early 1990s.
A company called Prosensing Inc., (Amherst, MA), was created by a Ph.D. graduate of the MIRSL programs; other MIRSL graduates retain key Prosensing management and research positions. Prosensing recently (circa 2001) merged with another local company called Quadrant Engineering.
University of Massachusetts MIRSL Professors
Calvin T. Swift and Robert E. Macintosh (d. 1997) founded Quadrant
Engineering in 1981. [194] Quadrant and Prosensing work with
numerous Department of Defense contractors, including the Office of Naval
Research (ONR); Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) at Hanscom AFB (MA); NASA and
NOAH.
At least one Ph. D. candidate currently enrolled in the MIRSL programs has a NATO Secret security clearance. [195] Access to some University of Massachusetts buildings - including the building housings the offices of professors - requires card keys. Several graduate students now work with Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Labs - also involved in highly classified space and defense programs.
At least one MIRSL Ph. D. graduate is now
employed by SAIC - again, one of the most secretive institutions of the
National Security apparatus.
SAIC has ongoing collaborations with Bechtel - another of the world’s most secretive aerospace technology, energy infrastructure and defense contractors, and one with ties to the intelligence community at the highest and deepest levels. [196] SAIC works closely with DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency - the granting agency behind HAARP and many other secretive advanced research and development programs. [197] SAIC directors include: U.S. Navy Admiral B.R. Inman (Ret.); U.S. Army General W.A. Downing (Ret.); and U.S. Air Force General J.A. Welch (Ret.). [198] (SAIC also has an ongoing collaboration with the multibillion-dollar pharmaceutical giant Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS). Unsurprisingly, through shared directorships, BMS is economically and politically aligned with the New York Times Corporation.)
SAIC has long been entrenched with major oil,
gas and nuclear interests. SAIC has also been flagged for involvement in
highly questionable U.S. mercenary activities and human rights violations in
Africa. [199]
No surprise either, SAIC provides major support for core agencies of the U.S. intelligence apparatus - the National Reconnaissance Office - and SAIC has invested heavily in advanced Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The NRO is/was a major pillar of the national security apparatus, enmeshed with the National Security Agency - NSA (far more critical and secretive than the CIA), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
The NRO builds and operates America’s spy
satellites, and they specialize in intelligence-gathering and information
warfare. In recent years, the NRO has implemented a series of actions
declassifying some of its operations. The organization itself was
declassified in September 1992 followed in 1994 by the declassification of
the location of its headquarters in Chantilly, VA.
The pivotal - if somewhat obscure - position that SAIC occupies in the defense and intelligence matrix can be gleaned somewhat by considering that in July 2002, when General Atomics sold state-of-the-art LYNX radar systems to the U.S. Army, the deal was procured through Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC).
Used on both manned and UAV platforms, the
superior resolution and range of the LYNX system enables full operational
capability - even through clouds and rain. [200]
The Vigilante Vertical Takeoff and Landing UAV was first developed and later refined under SAIC’s internal R&D program. SAIC recently received a Navy contract to deliver a reengineered version of Vigilante and fly it in a tactical demonstration.
Clearly delineating the expected uses of these
UAVs in their Annual Report - always for the betterment of the civilized
world - SAIC notes that Vigilante applications,
(No doubt these special operations missions will
further secure American military superiority at the expense of the world’s
innocent, poor - and already disenfranchised - people.)
Former SAIC senior Vice-President David Overskei also served as a former senior Vice-president for General Atomics.
David Overskei sits on the San Diego Telecoms
Council with now SAIC Corporate Vice-President Carl Silva, and he is one of
the directors of a defense and intelligence insider company called Polexis
Incorporated.
Executives David E. Baldwin of General Atomics,
Harold Forsen of Bechtel (Ret.), and John Davis of Boeing Company all hold
director’s seats for the Fusion Power Association, a public relations trade
group for the nuclear (fusion) industry.
Polexis Inc. directors include Vice-Admiral USN Jerry O. Tuttle, a 39-year veteran flyer of advanced aerospace platforms with the U.S. Navy; former Director of SPAWAR (Space and Electronic Warfare Command) 1989-1994; former Director for C3 systems on the Joint Chiefs of Staff; and former Deputy Director for Intelligence at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA). (Tuttle is also involved with Oracle Systems Corporation: Oracle counts among its directors former U.S. Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Jack Kemp.)
Note that the Joint Chiefs of Staff is
essentially special operations programs control, and the liaison agency
through which special (covert) operations are designated and implemented.
Polexis director Jeffrey S. Herman is a former SPAWAR researcher responsible for oversight of Polexis programs with DARPA and SPAWAR. Through numerous DOD agencies, Polexis directors Barret Richey and Micheal Glasgow both have deep historical ties to classified intelligence and defense programs agencies. Polexis partners include SAIC; the MITRE Corporation; Bechtel; Lockheed Martin; General Atomics and Northrup Grumman. When SAIC says that they “lead a multi-contractor team that provides performance analysis of future systems architectures” we can be sure that these “future systems” include highly secretive “black” programs buried in the belly of the beast.
Amongst these, no doubt, are weather warfare
technologies and expertise.
Again, it would be naïve, irresponsible and
absurd to assume that the U.S. defense-intelligence apparatus is pursuing
such lethal and comprehensive weapons technologies, but ignoring ENMOD
research and development that might deny U.S. forces optimal conditions, or
give “the enemy” some military (environmental) advantage.
How does a military force “optimize natural
processes?”
Although I have posed such rhetorical questions repeatedly, it seems fairly clear that weather warfare and hostile ENMOD technologies are under development. Indeed, some have already been deployed and tested, and many, apparently, are in transition to full operational capacity.
However, to drive the point home one more time,
were we to assume that military spokespeople were sincere and honest - an
assumption clearly disproved at this point - we could merely note the
plethora of studies and documents further clarifying the military’s active
pursuit of ENMOD capabilities. I will provide a brief list, by no means
exhaustive, to complement the numerous programs, publications and references
already cited.
Please note the dates (presented here in reverse chronological order) and sponsors of these publications, all produced in the past 20 years and - notably - long after the 1977 International ENMOD treaty came into effect.
Last, please consider the likelihood that
significant ENMOD research and development occurs under the cover of
friendly client regimes in other countries (Brazil and South Korea provide
two documented examples): hence the preservation of highly classified
top-secret material as indicated below. [202]
Back to Contents
13. Friends In High Places Revisiting important details illuminated in this report, and tying them together here, provides significant insight into the nature of the machinery behind the clandestine intelligence and security apparatus and the implications for the subject of secret ENMOD development and operations. The history and nature of Project Corona - as one secret program recently declassified - offers a convenient doorway through which we can pass to explore the shrouds of secrecy and denial behind which ENMOD operations are proceeding.
Corona documents reveal that satellite
reconnaissance operations (1960-1972) were directed by top brass: including
then CIA Director John McCone, then CIA Clandestine Services chief Richard
Bissell (CIA director, from 1965), intelligence and security insider Dr.
Eugene Fubini, and Cyrus Vance, DOD official (1960), Secretary of
the Army (1962) and then Deputy Secretary of Defense (1963). [203]
George Bush Sr. began his association with the CIA in 1960, as Corona transitioned into full operation with satellite’s spying on cold war enemies, and just as ENMOD capabilities began to show promise, and secure major institutional support. He was appointed Director of the CIA in 1976, and he was one of the cold warrior architects of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) - Ronald Reagan’s supposed pet program - “Star Wars.” Secretary of Defense Cyrus Vance later became Secretary of State under the Jimmy Carter Administration; he was also a director of the New York Times Corporation in the 1990s. [204]
He was an insider to his death, and his role at
one of the world’s premier institutions of perception management, the New
York Times, should be appreciated for what it was: an elite director of
editorial policy at the highest levels.
General Alexander Haig came to his war-making maturity in parallel with the evolving militarization of space. Upon graduating from the U.S. Military Academy in 1947, Haig advanced through a number of military assignments, serving in Japan, Korea, Europe and Vietnam. Haig served in major posts in the Nixon, Ford and Reagan (Secretary of State, 1981-1982) administrations, and he was Senior Military Advisor to Dr. Henry Kissinger on the National Security Council.
A CEO of aerospace giant United Technologies
Corporation (UTC) prior to his appointment as Nixon’s White House Chief of
Staff in the seventies, Haig remains today a director of UTC.
Like so many other premier American war-makers, General Alexander Haig is intimately involved with the shaping of the American mind through his many major interests in the news and entertainment media. Haig is on the Board of Advisors for the Corporation for Maintaining Editorial Diversity in America, a right-wing, war-making front group openly backing the right-wing National Review Magazine.
As pointed out above, Haig is a director for
major media giant America Online, for the mammoth Hollywood films
corporations Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), and he hosts a weekly business
discussion TV program called World Business Review.
General Alexander Haig
Consults with corporate executives
John Balaguer,
President, Pratt & Whitney Government Engines & Space Propulsion,
and Ben Rich, Vice
President, Lockheed Advanced Development Company.
General Haig is
currently senior advisor to United Technologies Corp. and on
the Board of Directors
for America Online, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Inc., & MGM Grand.
[205]
United Technologies is a major aerospace
corporation, with subsidiaries Pratt & Whitney (advanced aerospace engines
and propulsion systems), and Sikorsky (advanced Blackhawk and Seahawk and
black helicopter programs) operating in major partnerships with Boeing
Aerospace.
UTC director Jamie S. Gorelick (check: Also
Fannie Mae or Charels River or Trammel Crow?) serves on the Central
Intelligence Agency’s (CIA) National Security Advisory panel, while UTC
director H. Patrick Swygert (also check!!!!!: Also Fannie Mae or Charels
River or Trammel Crow?) is a member of the National Security Agency (NSA)
Advisory Board. UTC-Sikorsky helicopters are a standard feature of US
defense and intelligence special operations.
Former CIA director John McCone was as close to the privately held mercenary Bechtel Corporation as one could get, short of being born into the Bechtel family:
John McCone was chairman of the NSF
during Project Mercury. A close comrade of Eisenhower, John McCone was also
very close to Allen Dulles - McCone’s predecessor as director of Central
Intelligence. [206]
Bechtel has always been politically untouchable. Ronald Reagan appointed then Bechtel Group President George Schultz as his Secretary of State (1982?) and Bechtel Vice-President and General Counsel Casper Weinberger as his Secretary of War: both men had guided Reagan’s presidential campaign.
Casper Weinberger was a linchpin in the covert
Iran-Contra Arms scandal, and, like then CIA director
George
H.W. Bush, he was central to the clandestine drugs operations
and organized crime that led to the U.S. invasion of Panama (Operation Just
Cause, 1989).
Kenneth Davis, Bechtel V.P. in charge of
nuclear construction (1972-1982) was appointed Deputy Secretary of Energy
under Ronald Reagan in 1982. [207] It is likely, as mentioned
previously, that Bechtel was involved in the top-secret construction of
Groom Lake (Area 51). George Schultz returned, and remains, a director of
the Bechtel Group.
Reagan’s Middle East envoy Philip Habib served as a private consultant to Bechtel: Habib was a career state department official from the 1950s, a senior advisor to the Secretary of State (1979-1980), and a resident fellow of the Hoover Institution think tank. Of course, prior to his Presidency, Reagan was for years a key spokesman and speech-giver, who was ever bringing good things to life - weapons, PCBs and nuclear waste - for General Electric.
Francis Blake, now deputy energy secretary under
George H.W. Bush, was a senior vice president at General Electric.
Previously he was vice president and general counsel for GE Power Systems.
GE contributed more than $100,000 to the George Bush presidential campaign
and his inaugural committee.
Bechtel is entrenched in black operations, nuclear weapons production and military construction contracts. Bechtel Bettis, Inc. operates the Naval Reactors Facility that reports to DOE’s Pittsburgh Naval Operations Office. Bechtel is also involved with SAIC in the development of the Yucca Mountain High-Level Nuclear Waste dump in Nevada (and the Central Artery reconstruction project in Boston). GE director Douglas Warner is a member of the Board of Counselors for the Bechtel Group, and a director of JP Morgan. Ditto for Morgan director Riley P. Bechtel - the Chairman, CEO, and Director of the private Bechtel Group. JP Morgan director Douglas Yearley is a director of Lockheed-Martin and, through his interlocking directorships with Phelps Dodge, Yearley (read: Lockheed) is closely associated with long-time Phelps Dodge executive George B. Munroe - who is also a director of the New York Times Company.
Note as well that Douglas Yearley is a member of
the National Council of the World Wildlife Fund and a director of the
Compatible Ventures Group of The Nature Conservancy. JP Morgan director
Hanna H. Gray is a director of Cummins Engine Company, and Atlantic
Richfield (ARCO) - the latter being a primary player behind the HAARP
project in Alaska.
Morgan director Martin Feldstein is a director
of TRW. Morgan director Richard D. Simmons is the President and Director of
the International Herald Tribune, and director of the Washington Post
Company and Yankee Publishing.
Bechtel National Incorporated (Riley P. Bechtel Chairman and CEO) is teamed with BWX Technologies (BWXT) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. BWXT is a subsidiary of McDermott International, one of the largest aircraft carrier, nuclear submarine and submarine propulsion, and petroleum industry construction contractors in the world.
McDermott director Bruce DeMars is a
former U.S. Navy Admiral (Ret.), responsible for all major nuclear navy
operations (1988-1996). McDermott director Kathryn D. Sullivan was formerly
Chief Scientist for NOAA (1992-1996) and a NASA space shuttle astronaut from
1978 to 1992.
BWXT is deeply entrenched in the national laboratories nuclear weapons complex, including INEL, Oak Ridge and Los Alamos National Laboratories. The nuclear weapons complex is a good candidate cover for development of black programs ENMOD weapons of mass destruction. The following information is lifted straight out of the Bechtel Annual Report 2002:
To reiterate, the Nevada Test Site,
“also operates
Remote Sensing and Special Technologies
laboratories.”
And there it is, one of the primary candidate
sites for the ongoing black operations in ENMOD weapons research, design,
development, test and deployment.
President Richard Nixon’s Director of Central Intelligence, Richard Helms, later served as a Bechtel consultant. Recall that Helms personally ordered Dr. Sidney Gottlieb - CIA Chief of Office of Technical Services - to destroy all records of his experiments in developing the poison he hand-carried to the Congo to assassinate Patrice Lumumba (1961), and that Helms was convicted of perjury in 1977 for lying outright to a U.S. Senate Subcommittee about the CIA clandestine terrorism against Salvadore Allende and the people of Chile. [208] With the field support of William Colby, then CIA operative and Special Ambassador to Vietnam (and later a CIA Director himself), CIA Director Richard Helms was one of the chief architects of Project Pheonix:
The CIA’s Dr. Gottlieb developed the chemical
defoliants (Agent Orange) used in the U.S. saturation bombing of Vietnam.
Meanwhile, the secret Vietnam era ENMOD “pilot program” Project Popeye was
seeding clouds over Southeast Asia.
It is notable that the Air Force itself called
this a “pilot” program, indicating that there was probably far more programs
and operations on the drawing board, if not in operation at the time.
[210]
Now U.S. Vice-President Dick Cheney succeeded Donald Rumsfeld as White House Chief of Staff under the Gerald Ford Administration (circa 1976). Dick Cheney is a former CEO of Halliburton Corporation, to which he retains deep ties. Halliburton continues to benefit from huge contracts following U.S. military operations (Rwanda, Congo, Afghanistan, Iraq). Halliburton Director Anne Armstrong was co-chairman of the Reagan-Bush campaign of 1980. [211] Halliburton director George R. Brown financed Lyndon B. Johnson’s political campaigns and, subsequently, Brown & Root Corporation won billion dollar contracts to set up U.S. naval and airfields in Vietnam.
In 1995, Brown & Root set up U.S. military bases
for the covert U.S. supported invasion of Zaire (1996):
Bruce Jackson was the chairman of the Bush Sr.
foreign policy platform committee at the Republican convention, and he wrote
the foreign policy platform for the Republican Party: he was also Vice
President of Corporate Development and Strategy of Lockheed Martin.
Stephen J. Hadley, a partner in the
Washington-based law firm Shea and Gardner, which represents Lockheed
Martin, is deputy director of the National Security Council (NSC), and was a
member of the NSC staff under George Bush Sr.
Another of the major George Bush Jr. administration’s total environmental domination advocates is Richard Perle, former Under Secretary of Defense under Ronald Reagan, and a close ally of the Reagan-Bechtel administration’s point men, Secretaries of State and War, George Schultz and Casper Weinberger. Lockheed Martin director Douglas H. McCorkindale is also Chairman, president and chief executive officer, Gannett Company, a diversified international news and information company with operations in 43 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Italy and Hong Kong.
Gannett is the USA’s largest newspaper group,
with 95 US daily newspapers (including USA Today); Gannett owns and operates
22 television stations; Gannett subsidiary Newsquest Plc. is one of the
largest newspaper groups in the U.K. Headquartered near the Pentagon in
McLean, VA. Gannett publishes nine major Department of Defense Journals.
A former director of the scandalized ENRON Corporation, Lockheed Martin director Frank Savage is also a director of Qualcomm, a secretive defense and intelligence insider company known to have close ties to the NSA. [213]
Qualcomm deals in information technologies for
aerospace platforms and missions.
Qualcomm director Dr. Robert E. Kuhn was
formerly employed by DARPA (1972-1985); and Bolt, Beranek and Newman, where
he was responsible for the systems design of the Arpanet (again, the
military precursor to the Internet). Qualcomm director Dr. Richard C.
Atkinson is a former director of the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Qualcomm director Diana Lady Dougan, a permanent U.S. Ambassador, served in
senior policy positions under numerous U.S. administrations over the past 30
years.
Qualcomm director and USAFLt. General (Ret.) Brent Scowcroft was the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs under George Bush (I) and Gerald Ford; he has held numerous deep-insider national security posts in the Pentagon and the White House, and he served as military assistant to President Nixon and as deputy assistant to the president for national security affairs to Presidents Ford and Nixon.
Prior to joining the Bush administration,
General Scowcroft was vice chairman of Kissinger Associates, Inc. In the
course of his military career, General Scowcroft has held positions in the
Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Headquarters of the U.S. Air
Force, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for
International Security Affairs. General Scowcroft had an aeronautical rating
as a pilot.
Major classified aerospace and black programs contractor Northrup Grumman includes amongst its directors now CEO and Chairman of the Board Kent Kresa. An M.I.T. Lincoln Labs trustee and former Lincoln Labs insider, Kresa "worked on ballistic missile technologies in the sixties, and for DARPA in the 1970s”.
From 1976-1982, Kresa worked at the Northrup
Ventura Division, a leader in the production of UAVs. Northrup Grumman
director Ronald D. Sugar previously served with the highly secretive and
controversial Litton Industries, with Hughes Aircraft, and with TRW, where
he was responsible for advanced [read: top secret] military and scientific
space and electronics programs.
Northrup Grumman director John T. Chain is a former U.S. Air Force General (Ret.), a deep insider and former military assistant to the Secretary of the Air Force (1978). Director Charles R. Larsen is a former Admiral, U.S. Navy (Ret.), and a recent naval aide to the U.S. President. Director Aulana L. Peters was from 1984-1988 Commissioner of the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) and is now a director of southern California community television.
Director John Brooks Slaughter worked with the
National Science Foundation from 1976 to 1978, and was NSF Director
1980-1982. He is today a director of Atlantic Richfield Corporation - one of
the sponsors and chief corporate beneficiaries of the HAARP Program.
Note that Northrup Grumman in December of 2002,
finalized their acquisition of TRW Corporation after lengthy negotiations to
neutralize charges and violations of monopoly levied by the SEC. [214]
Like those identified above, perhaps the most interesting of all the interlocking but generally untransparent interconnections are those between major mass media concerns and the aerospace and defense sector.
Consider John A. Williams, the Vice
President of Business Development, for Gannett Co., Inc. Williams is also
one of the directors of a very interesting multimedia company called
Space Holding Corporation.
According to their web site:
Highlighting the incestuous relationships in and
amongst the select individuals, organizations, intelligence agencies, and
media and aerospace corporations is the case of Bernard Eastlund and Space
Holding Corp.
On the web site for Eastlund Scientific
Enterprises Corporation (ESEC), weather modification scientist Dr. Bernard
J. Eastlund references the Space Holding Corporation web site (www.space.com),
where they carry a story about Dr. Eastlund and the ENMOD technologies he
peddles.
Space Holding Corporation functions as a public relations and perception management front for the aerospace warfare industry, peddling the ostensibly “benign” character (and necessity) of aerospace and space warfare technologies through insidious astronomy “news,” “entertainment,” “education” and ‘scientific” multimedia productions - including “award-winning” children’s space exploration astronomy programs.
Directors and Advisers of Space Holding
Corporation include President and CEO Dan Stone, former Executive V.P. of
Turner Broadcasting (CNN International); two former NASA astronauts; a
former NASA Mars Explorer Program director; a former Cosmonaut; and -
surprise, surprise - Norman R. Augustine, Chairman of the Executive
Committee of Lockheed Martin.
General Dynamics (GD) is involved with major “Future Combat Systems” (FCS), including Fire Scout and Dragon Warrior UAVs, and various Semi-Autonomous Reconnaissance Vehicle (SARV) initiatives. General Dynamics is a major producer and operator of satellite ground stations essential to ENMOD C4IST/R networking capabilities.
General Dynamics is also a major producer of
attack submarines, thus providing another diverse portfolio of platforms for
ENMOD technologies, including advanced weather and satellite surveillance
systems, and ENMOD (missile) delivery systems for monitoring and
modification capabilities.
General Dynamics is intimately connected to the
Pentagon through directors,
And then there is Donald Rumsfeld, now
U.S. Secretary of War.
Under George Bush Sr., Donald Rumsfeld was White
House Chief of Staff; he was Secretary of Defense, under Gerald Ford. He is
a former director (circa 1996) of the huge privately held Swiss-Swedish
multinational Asea Brown Baveri (ABB) Corporation, one of the largest and
most secretive construction and defense contractors. [216]
Rumsfeld has sat on the board of directors of
the Tribune Company since 1992, and as Helen Caldicott has noted, the
Tribune Company,
Rumsfeld is also closely associated with the
Center for Security Policy think tank,
To operate “in all times and weathers” requires
major ENMOD capabilities. Note that the same article unquestioningly adopts
the U.S. military stance where “weather watching” - and not the certain
deployment of major ENMOD tactical assets - is the state of the warmaking
art. [219]
Last, note that Donald Rumsfeld served as a liaison between the Bechtel Group and the Iraqi regime in the 1980s, in a bid to finesse t he building of an oil pipeline. [220]
The Bechtel Group, bidding to secure contracts
worth up to $900 million in the aftermath of the US military deconstruction
of Iraq in 2003, donated some $770,000 to the Republicans between 1999 and
March 2003. [221]
This is the climate, or “community,” in which ENMOD operations reached their zenith in the public sphere prior to 1977, and the climate from which weather weaponry research and development transitioned into the nebulous future they now inhabit - whatever that future might be.
Project Corona operated, according to the
declassified record released in 1995, up to 1972: other programs that
proceeded in parallel, and those that began in the decades after Corona,
remain highly classified.
The seventies seethed with protest about the American terrorist war on Vietnam.
The FBI had unleashed
COINTELPRO - the secret program of domestic terrorism against the
Black Panther Party and the American Indian Movement - assassinating,
brutalizing and otherwise terrorizing inner city populations and thousands
of innocent people. East Timor was invaded in 1975, the day after the
infamous Kissinger/Ford meeting with Indonesian President Suharto.
(Henry Kissinger is a director of
Freeport-McMoRan mining, one of the corporations that has enjoyed free
business reign in Indonesia, linked to egregious human rights violations and
the military persecution in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. [222])
The seventies also seethed with public protest about the burgeoning nuclear power industry: hundreds of behemoth nuclear power plants on order were cancelled. In January, 1975, the U.S. Congress created the Energy Research and Development Administration, which neatly and successfully set about to derail, destroy or expropriate - for aerospace and energy corporations - emerging solar power development and technologies.
Scores of billions of dollars of research and
development programs over the next two decades went to Lockheed and Martin
Marietta (Lockheed later bought Martin Marietta and GE Aerospace), Bechtel,
Boeing, Grumman, GE, Westinghouse, NASA, and all the National Laboratories.
[223]
It is important to again mention the means whereby secret programs were insured even after the U.S. government ostensibly “reformed” itself or the rogue agencies (and their people) involved. Thus were numerous “front” companies and laboratories encouraged and funded to pursue ENMOD technologies ostensibly forbidden by the international ENMOD treaty of 1977. After the Senate Intelligence Committee’s revelations of the CIA’s covert and typically illegal and terrorist overseas operations, the agency grew very close to certain corporations. We can assume that this happened with various agencies of the national security apparatus. The revelations of the Senate Intelligence Committee had forced the CIA to do a housecleaning, and it became CIA policy that certain kinds of activities would no longer officially be performed.
But that didn't always mean that the need or the
desire to undertake such operations disappeared. And that’s where some of
these secretive “front” corporations came in.
Perhaps the most egregious of these secretive “front” and insider companies is Wackenhut Corporation, established in 1954 by FBI agent George Wackenhut Sr., a close friend of J. Edgar Hoover.
Wackenhut directors include:
Current and recent members of
the Wackenhut board have included much of
the country’s recent national-security directorate:
Before his appointment as Reagan’s CIA director,
the late William Casey was Wackenhut’s outside legal counsel.
While some of the institutions and members flagged and mildly dissected herein certainly have no role in ENMOD developments - a proposition, like their involvement, that is virtually impossible to prove or disprove - their roles in maintaining the U.S. warfare state, and the intelligence and security apparatus it revolves around, cannot be denied. In contradistinction are the many certain ENMOD players counted amongst the panoply of organizations, individuals, agencies, laboratories and corporations delineated herein. The cold warriors of the past five decades - and the corporations, agencies and bureaus they staff - have revealed that they show very creative imaginations in their capacity to define and implement secret terrorist programs, and actual covert deployments, of unlimited scope, brutality and horror. They are experts at deception and the expropriation of the public trust.
Further, they are accountable to no one.
Their jobs secured by fellow insiders, their
careers furthered by insider appointments and promotions, the budgets they
have had at their disposal were obscene. Over time they have become
increasingly more obscene.
In his 1982 expose on the secrecy and deception of the nuclear industry, The Cult of the Atom: The Secret Papers of the Atomic Energy Commission, author Daniel Ford aptly described the insider culture of the atomic industry as a “cult.” This same terminology of the cult was applied to the U.S. intelligence community (explored at length herein) by authors Marchetti and Marks in their stark insider’s expose The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence (1974).
Dr. Helen Caldicott has similarly
resurrected this apt description in The New Nuclear Danger, her scathing
analytical expose of the cults of nuclear weapons and the Pentagon.
[225]
This is exactly what we are dealing with: a cult of the multinational corporations, a cult of technological madness, a cult of arrogance, a cult of deception and death, a cult of supreme environmental hostility. What happened to all the interest in ENMOD? Did it really stop, in recognition of the 1977 ENMOD Treaty? One answer is: yes: it really did stop. End of story. That is what U.S. Air Force Major Barry Coble has told us, and, certainly, given the absolute sincerity of American military leadership, the real issue might be our audacity - as members of the uninformed lay public - in asking authorities such questions to begin with: DOD funding for weather modification research peaked at $2.8 million in 1977. Funding was eliminated in 1979. Since then there has been no active research effort into weather modification by DOD. The Air Force spends no money on research, and there is no effort to monitor civilian research, applications and advancements.
The Army’s program, “Owning the Weather for the
Battlefield,” deals only with incorporating weather information into the
digitized battlefield of the future. Efforts to modify the weather for
battle are not being pursued. [226]
End of story. Or is it? Would our government lie to us? Do cigarettes cause cancer? In 1966, Dr. Chalmers Sherwin of the DOD responded to a question from U.S. Senator Peter Dominick - about the significance of weather as a weapon - in these words:
Dr. Pierre St. Amand, doing weather
modification research for the U.S. Navy at the time, put it more bluntly:
Dr. Pierre St. Amand spoke clearly and honestly,
and he deserves credit, at least, for that.
Dr. Chalmers Sherwin lied, diffusing his
lie with extraneous language, in an attempt to skirt the question and -
obviously uncomfortable with the lie – he then (mildly) conferred.
Considering the direct and definitive statement of U.S. Air Force Major
Barry Coble, we can clearly infer that military, intelligence and government
officials have become absolutely shameless in their regurgitation of
manufactured falsehoods. Said differently, Coble has allowed us a brief but
fleeting glimpse into the cult of plausible denial.
Consider the possibility that policy planners at the highest levels of control realized as the ENMOD arena heated up in the 1970s that the public might not accept ENMOD civilian or military pursuits.
Given this reality, one alternative to the overt
development and deployment of weather warfare technologies and programs,
complemented by a massive media campaign to assuage and “condition” the
public (as billions of dollars worth of nuclear propaganda about “atoms for
peace” did for nuclear power) was an absolute shift into the classified
arena of “black programs” and clandestine operations.
That is, coincidentally or not, exactly what we
have seen.
Further, supposing that weather modification has
been clandestinely pursued on the regional or global scale, DOD secret
programs would enjoy the benefits of the actual overt scientific research
and modeling of weather and climate.
Under this scenario, a massive propaganda
campaign that denied and obfuscated the rising global climate chaos (perhaps
as much a result of covert ENMOD operations and experiments as the
deleterious toxic emissions from entrenched fossil fuel industries) would be
highly efficacious.
Indeed, whether the latter case occurred or not - and it seems likely that it did - there has been a concerted corporate and government effort to downplay the realities of serious human-induced climatic instabilities.
As the issues of climate change came to greater
public attention over the past decade, the industries whose profits were
threatened began to devote increasing resources to institutes and
think-tanks, government lobbying and legislation, academic programs and
“experts,” to huge campaigns of disinformation in schools, public forums,
books, videos, on the internet and in the press. [228]
It is easy to dismiss this as the nature of
capital, protecting profits and entrenched industries like oil, coal and
nuclear, which has certainly happened. However, there may be something much
deeper at issue, and that just might be the intentional, secret military
development of weather warfare capabilities.
There is also the possible greater agenda of intentionally facilitating radical climate instabilities for scientific adventurism.
For example, when the Washington Post in 1989
reported on the 1989 Tokyo conference on global environment, they quoted
World Bank president Barber Conable to say:
Reflecting the capacity to at least consider
serious ENMOD experiments of potentially cataclysmic proportions, this is
not an isolated and inconsequential statement.
Indeed, it is the expression of an idea
forwarded by numerous scientists in the past. It has always been a favored
objective of ENMOD scientists in Russia, where research paralleled all ENMOD
research pursued in the U.S., with additional studies of warming the Arctic
region artificially.
Melting the sea of the frozen Arctic and warming
Siberia were pet projects of theirs, the obvious benefits being land
reclamation and warmer growing climates for northern areas.
Note, by the way, that the tundra and ice of
Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland has begun to thaw, there are changes in
species’ behaviors and migrations, and species even recently prolific are
absent.
To the horror of indigenous peoples, places
where they have always known only icepack have become open sea.
Antarctica’s peninsula’s average temperatures have increased by 5 degrees Fahrenheit in the last half-century. [231] The tundra’s permafrost has begun to melt, and the CO2 previously stored in the frozen ecology is now contributing to CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere. Scientists have recorded accelerated rates of glacial retreat. [232]
Ice and glaciers in Alaska are rapidly melting.
[233]
On March 19, 2002, the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported that satellite imagery revealed,
A huge crack in the Antarctic ice block was
reported in 2001. Two ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula known as the
Larsen B and Wilkins were already in “full retreat” and lost nearly 3,000
square kilometers of their total area in one year. [234]
As we might predict from a world inclined to
ignore or suppress evidence of climatic mayhem, a world where people are
inclined instead to manipulate and control the weather,
The U.S. military-industrial complex early on
recognized the importance of weather as a weapon.
The Battle for Britain was partially won because
Allied forces successfully used a fog-dispersal system known as FIDO to
enable aircraft takeoff and landing under otherwise debilitating fog
conditions. Cold fogs were dissipated in the Korean War. [236]
Project Popeye was implemented over Vietnam.
An article in Fortune magazine in 1948 spelled out the reality equally fortuitously, though it is a slightly different, and yet more horrible reality:
The Fortune sentiments are echoed, more
recently, and in their contemporary incarnation, in statements by top U.S.
officials.
Speaking at an April 1997 conference on
counter-terrorism, then Secretary of Defense William Cohen expressed
concern about,
This statement inadvertently echoes the
sentiments of the Fortune editors of 1948, though it has been translated
into the fear-mongering hype of the cult of intelligence/madness:
In commenting on the plethora of “ingenious”
minds out there dedicated to terrorism - and ever dismissing the possibility
of our own - we should duly note that from a psychological perspective, this
is basically a projection about the plethora of “ingenious minds”
proliferating within the U.S. military industrial complex whom are dedicated
to inventing war and all of its concomitant horrors.
In other, more simplistic terms, we know that we
have thought of it, and that we are already doing it.
This deep-intelligence insider war-making propaganda seems to focus at length on that pillar of U.S. foreign policy which argues that others will beat us to the technological punch, and then just plain beat us, and so we need to pursue ANY and EVERY lethal military instrument our [dubious] minds can think up.
Thus we have such statements as this one, made
in the
Air Force 2025 document cited at the
beginning of this writing:
Such is the Orwellian logic of our policy makers
and military planners:
Any conclusion of the assessment of the
state-of-the-art of weather warfare technologies, and the psychology that
embraces a global environmental - or nuclear - Armageddon, would not be
complete without the input of Dr. Strangelove himself: Dr. Edward S.
Teller, a lead scientist for the Manhattan Project, and the “father” of
the hydrogen bomb.
One of Dr. Teller’s bright ideas of the 1950s
was to create harbors by nuking our own coastline.
He also advocated minerals excavation - oil,
coal, uranium - by nuclear explosion. At the same time, Dr. Teller was the
number one advocate of $200 bargain basement bomb shelters that proliferated
in the 1950s. [240]
Dr. Teller was an early security adviser for the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) who pushed to accelerate nuclear power development in disregard of major safety issues that even he admitted.
Dr. Teller played a leading role in easing later
safety regulations that,
It is also interesting to note that early ENMOD
research was undertaken in tandem with AEC support.
The National Hurricane Research Laboratory, for
one example, worked for years with the AEC (coordinated by the Naval
Research Labs - NRL) on programs, for example, measuring the density of the
atmosphere using nuclear instrumentation. [242]
Dr. Teller was for years an eminent member of the President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB). Formed by President Eisenhower, in 1956, the PFIAB was an executive branch intelligence “watchdog” or “oversight” committee, staffed by top defense and intelligence insiders.
It was often used as an “in-house” investigative
body that could be counted on never to publicly breach the halls of secrecy
or compromise the cult of intelligence - much like the President’s
Commission of Inquiry into the Three Mile Island Accident, which was tasked
to produce a whitewash, and obscure the public contamination, health and
safety issues, and which did just that.
Dr. Teller served on the PFIAB with the likes of
Nelson Rockefeller. [243]
Thanks to a major energy report produced under Dr. Teller’s direct supervision in 1974 and 1975, adopted by the Ford Administration, U.S. energy policy shifted drastically in favor of increased oil and gas production, strip-mining of coal and uranium, and nuclear power. A month after Nelson Rockefeller released the report, 3000 National Guardsmen occupied the Black Hills in South Dakota accompanied by sixty FBI agents at the nearby Pine Ridge Reservation.
By June 26, 1975, the Tennessee Valley Authority
had drilled 6000 test holes throughout 65,000 acres of Black Hills land, and
had located an estimated five to six million pounds of uranium.
Resistance by the American Indian Movement (AIM)
prompted a full-scale military-type invasion - some 170 agents using armored
personnel carriers, helicopters and M-16s - of the Oglala Lakota Sioux
reservation. Targeting AIM, the major terrorist actions that ensued were
partially coordinated by Nelson Rockefeller. AIM was neutralized by a reign
of terror; Leonard Pelletier was framed and incarcerated. [244]
Most notable however, is that in 1967 Dr. Teller told a U.S. Senate Military Preparedness Committee that the United States could become a second-class power without war if the Russians succeed in controlling weather to produce rain over their territory and deprive America of needed rain. [245] Teller has for decades urged the U.S. to adopt a more defensive nuclear policy: Star Wars fits his bill neatly and he has enjoyed an enduring and, certainly, intimate association with nuclear devastation directors Donald Rumsfeld and Dick Cheney. [246]
It should be no surprise then to learn then that
Dr. Teller,
Computer simulations on the use of aluminum
oxide to counter global warming come from Lawrence Livermore Weapons
Laboratory, and this is one of the national labs cited (herein) for their
heavy involvement in contemporary ENMOD research and development programs.
Director Emeritus at Lawrence Livermore Labs, by
the way, is Dr. Edward S. Teller.
A son of the Manhattan Project and a close associate of Dr. Edward Teller, was prominent physicist Frederic de Hoffmann, founder of General Atomics, a corporation owned privately by the Blue family of Denver (CO):
Other directors are,
According to one chronicler of the Atomic Age,
General Atomics was,
General Atomics is a major player in the nuclear
poisons arena, partnered, for example, with Entergy Corporation, Russia and
U.S. DOE on a next-generation nuclear power project called the Gas Turbine -
Modular Helium Reactor (GTMHR). [248]
General Atomics is also “principally responsible
party” to major U.S. Superfund environmental disasters. [249]
General Atomics, once again - as outlined
previously - is a major secret aerospace and intelligence corporation
dedicated to black programs and major UAV development and deployment.
Back to Contents 14. This Intellect & Influence Business: Democracy to the Highest Bidder To better understand the extreme political landscape, consider for a moment the political purchase power of just one major military-industrial influence: The Business Industry Political Action Committee (BIPAC).
BIPAC, as their slogan goes, is in the business
of Electing Business to Congress:
Counted amongst the 70 members of BIPAC’s Board
of Directors are:
BIPACs are not the only means whereby the U.S.
Congress, U.S. national security and U.S. foreign policy - indeed our very
democracy itself - are expropriated.
Think tanks, foundations and “not-for-profit”
organizations also play a major role in the manufacture and further
institutionalization of our permanent warfare economy. For example, numerous
Lockheed Martin officials sit on the boards of the right wing, pro-war think
tanks the Heritage Foundation and Center for Policy Studies, both enmeshed
in the highest level classification programs.
These institutions both serve as intellectual
pillars of support for the ongoing Star Wars hoax and the greater panoply of
defense and intelligence establishment policy securing the permanent warfare
economy of the United States.
Other major institutions also warrant examination, given their influence over national security and international insecurity policy, and especially, for their potential relevance to the secret ENMOD arena. These institutions are generally comprised of the same set of principal architects of the military, intelligence and national security apparatus that have repeatedly surfaced throughout this writing.
These include:
The USAF has (at least) five major contract
research centers: RAND, MITRE, Lincoln Laboratory, The Aerospace Corporation
and The Space Foundation. RAND has already been discussed.
Lincoln Laboratory was created by the Air Force
as a direct reaction to the first Soviet nuclear explosion. Lincoln Lab
warrants special mention for its pivotal role in technology transfer between
the U.S. DOD and academic research institutions, especially the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and University of Massachusetts.
Ostensibly independent and civilian in nature,
these two “research” institutions serve, as I have already noted, as de
facto corporate military subsidiaries involved in the rapid development and
transfer of critical military technologies.
Lincoln Laboratory’s “fundamental mission,”
according to their own literature,
M.I.T. has always been a pillar of bias behind
the nuclear and aerospace industries.
Recall that John Deutch, former CIA
director, retains a professorship at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. M.I.T. nuclear engineering professor and former industry
executive Norman Rasmussen chaired the infamous Reactor Safety Study (1975),
billed as an independent national research study, but a whitewash
effectively produced by the industry itself.
The so-called Rasmussen Report downplayed
reactor safety and radiation health issues; the subsequent meltdown at Three
Mile Island (1977) aptly spoke to the study’s biases. Rasmussen was
nominated by then AEC Chairman James R. Schelsinger (appointed by
Nixon in 1971), future director of the CIA, a past consultant for the RAND
Corporation.
Rasmussen remains a staunch pro-nuclear
proponent in his tenured position at M.I.T., ever a prime mover in
whitewashing the very real dangers of nuclear power, in service to industry
profits. [255]
The secretive think-tank MITRE corporation is just one of Lincoln Labs’ 80 spin-off companies. MITRE is a private corporation based in Bedford, MA (with both national and international research sites), and it is a major advanced weapons and intelligence think-tank primarily supported by the USAFFrom its inception in 1958, MITRE has been pivotal in the development of advanced tactical satellite systems in the 1960s and 1970s. [256] Entrenched in UAV technologies, MITRE today plays a major role in classified R&D programs for C4IST/R, electronic warfare, intelligence, and tactical missiles and ballistic missile defense (Star Wars) technologies.
As noted above, MITRE is frequently partnered -
on major aerospace and intelligence programs - with some of the most
secretive corporations:
MITRE trustees include,
MITRE’s major clients include:
The Center for Strategic and International
Studies (CSIS)
has a staff of 190 researchers working all over the world providing policy
and research to address the full spectrum of new challenges to national and
international security.
Second, we maintain resident experts on all of
the world's major geographical regions.
Third, we are committed to helping to develop
new methods of governance for the global age; to this end, CSIS has programs
on technology and public policy, international trade and finance, and energy
counts as trustees, directors, members - and former directors, trustees or
advisers - such notable permanent warfare advocates:
Of all the notable CSIS agents, Dr. Harold Brown
is of particular note.
Brown was a member of the Polaris Steering
Committee (1956-1958), a member of the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board
(1956-1961) and also consultant to and then member of the President’s
Science Advisory Committee (1958-1961). The later two posts held by Brown
overlap significantly with major ENMOD developments in 1957.
Recall from Section Two herein that in 1957 the
President’s Science Advisory Committee on Weather Control explicitly
recognized the military potential of weather modification, warning in their
report that it could become a more important weapon than the atom bomb.
[258]
Organized by Frank Gaffney, another Pentagon official under Ronald Reagan, the Center for Security Policy (CSP) is funded by Boeing, TRW, General Dynamics, Rockwell International and Northrup Grumman, with Lockheed Martin at the top of the list, and six Lockheed Martin executives on its board.
Gaffney also heads the Coalition to Protect
Americans Now, a media advocacy group that organizes TV ads promoting Star
Wars and ballistic missile defense.
One ad, notes Helen Caldicott, depicts
visions of babies in their cradles and children playing baseball, with
missiles falling from the sky, and a caption reading,
The Center for Security Policy (CSP) is the
“nerve center of the Star Wars lobby,” Helen Caldicott writes.
Included on the CSP board are Ronald Reagan’s
science advisor George Keyworth, and missile defense supporters U.S. Senator
John Kyl (AZ) and U.S. Representative Kurt Weldon (PA).
The elderly Dr. Teller today sits on the board
of the Center for Security Policy (CSP). In 1998 the CSP gave its “Keepers
of the Flame” award to Donald Rumsfeld; Newt Gingrich and Ronald Reagan have
also received this award. [260]
In 1988, public relations hacks Ron Arnold and Alan Gottlieb joined forces with corporations - including Weyerhauser, McMillan Bloedel and Exxon - and industry trade groups - including the American Mining Congress, the National Rifle Association and the National Cattlemen’s Association - to counter the rising tide of environmentalism. Thus was born the Wise Use Movement, a nebulous front movement catapulted to center stage in America with complete media support. [261]
The roots of the Wise Use Movement are deeply
sunk however.
Alan Gottlieb founded the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise (CDFE) in 1976; Ron Arnold at some point became Executive Vice-President.
CDFE’s success was guaranteed through frequent
and sympathetic “news” articles:
In the mid 1990’s, the CDFE counted nine U.S.
senators and nine U.S. representatives as its Congressional advisers.
Also on the board as was the Honorable Dick
Cheney, then U.S. Secretary of Defense, now U.S. Vice-President under George
W. Bush. [263] Lynn Cheney, the wife of U.S. Vice-President Dick
Cheney, is a former director of Lockheed Martin.
The directors of Weyerhauser Corporation - a major destroyer of forests - carbon sinks essential to the earth energy and climate balance - are also directors of major aerospace, petroleum, nuclear, chemical and cattle ranching enterprises.
Director George H. Weyerhauser is a
director of aerospace and defense giant Boeing Corporation, and of Chevron
Oil.
Weyerhauser director William D. Ruckelshaus was
administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the Ronald
Reagan administration, when major environmental safeguards were dismantled.
He is also a director of defense contractors
Cummings Engine and Nordstrom, and of Monsanto, a major purveyor of
genetically engineered monoculture plantations displacing carbon sinks.
THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION (INCOMPLETE)
THE SPACE FOUNDATION (INCOMPLETE) THE FREEDOM FORUM (INCOMPLETE)
The International Climate Change Partnership (ICCP)
- comprised of large multinational corporations - emerged in the mid-1990’s
to position itself to take a leadership role in the climate issues and
business opportunities.
The ICCP asserts that corporations, not
governments, must design and lead the global energy transition. [264]
That, by the way, is business as usual, because that is exactly what
they have done.
Meanwhile the World Bank and International Monetary Fund continue to underwrite new projects based on devastating fossil fuel (and nuclear) technologies, and their reports describe these plans in bold and euphemistic language that exposes the extent of their mental illness. [265] Ditto for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) and the Export-Import Bank of the United States, both highly subsidized by American taxpayers.
Indeed, OPIC,
With a multibillion-dollar annual portfolio, the
Ex-Im Bank in 1996 was most heavily concentrated in nuclear, mining and
fossil fuels, and fossil fuels-based manufacturing and transportation
sectors. [267]
As it is with the U.S. intelligence community, these people are stark raving mad. They have not the slightest intentions of exercising restraint or conservation in the face of mounting evidence of climatic mayhem and social and environmental chaos.
When they do address potential chaos, it is
always with the assumption - indeed the regretful acknowledgement - that
poor and “developing” countries will be first and hardest hit, that it is
unavoidable, but regretful, and that the rich and “advanced” societies, most
likely, will only be marginally effected, if at all. [268]
Contrary to the popular notion that petroleum reserves are diminishing, and very limited, is the evidence that major petroleum resources have yet begun to be exploited.
Indeed,
the CIA
intelligence document,
Global Trends 2015 - A Dialog About the Future With
Non-government Experts, confirms the double jeopardy
intentions of current leadership: not only will devastating fossil fuels use
be expanded to new markets in leaps and bounds, with the empty promises of
great economic prosperity (supposed for the American people) but there is
far more oil and gas available than people think.
CIA Assistant Director John Gannon has
said:
Indeed, the report reads not so much as
prediction, but as promise:
The economy will prosper. There is plenty of oil
and gas.
We will lose rainforests, cropland, biological
diversity, species, wetlands and coral reefs - but Americans will be
healthier and richer than ever before. And so goes the mental illness.
The excerpts above attest to the intentions of the capitalist powers, the multinational corporations and the people they have positioned throughout government and its agencies to insure that the oil, gas, nuclear and military interests are served. The Central Intelligence Agency reports from a perspective of certainty, reflecting their insider knowledge about the thinking and intention of the people in control of the military-industrial/national security complex. Indeed, in many instances, they are the same people. More insidious however, is the certainly that this classified report - cleared for public release - is specifically intended to proliferate, with media support, and infect the public mind. Reporting on this document by Nightline, BBC and ABC News have further focused public attention on the scenarios predicted by the CIA, by reporting on the release of this report, and creating a public debate about the issues in the report.
Why has this unclassified report garnered so
much attention?
Global Trends 2015 is yet another propaganda document released to help lay the groundwork for public acquiescence and apathy about major, catastrophic environmental disruption, and huge loss of life, the perfect cover behind which the military and intelligence community can toy around with the weather.
Creating apathy and indifference in the rich
countries, while meanwhile sewing devastation in the poor countries, is one
means of solving the “populations crisis” this and other reports focus on.
(The population crisis is in the North: that is where we find the primary
drivers for the consumption and devastation of the world’s natural
resources.)
This disruption will further debilitate underdeveloped countries first, as predicted in the report. Indeed, the effects are already devastating entire geographical regions and nation-states around the world. Climatic mayhem, overpopulation, disease, refugee flows, war - all can be causally linked to western corporate and institutional pressures (World Bank, IMF, OPIC) and current U.S. government realities in both underdeveloped and overdeveloped nations. Global Trends 2015 seeks to further secure in the public mind the complacency that will enable policy makers and leaders to step away from these horror zones, even while western multinational corporations continue to pillage their raw materials, drain their institutions, and dump substandard western products and industrial waste and weapons on them. Behind the shield of public apathy and fear in the rich countries, the western military-industrial complex will continue - as is happening today - to overtly and covertly destabilize underdeveloped regions around the world. This will occur through economic and military instruments.
It will occur behind the rubric of plausible
deniability.
Destabilization operations will occur with
increasing success as the thresholds of violence, disease and environmental
disruption provide sufficient “background” cover to shield them.
Back to Contents 15. Our Permanent Warfare Economy Given what we know of the defense and intelligence establishment, and what they are capable of - both in terms of their technological achievements and in terms of their propensity to overt and covert terrorism - it would be unreasonable to dismiss the importance of programs like SHEBA in developing the database and computer models - at the very least - for ENMOD applications.
Again, ENMOD objectives are not an afterthought,
but the raison d'etre of such programs, no matter the extent to which
they have already achieved operational capabilities, and we cannot for
certain say anything about that extent, except that it may be far more
comprehensive and horrible than this writing suggests.
INCOMPLETE SECTION Back to Contents 16. The Coming Permanent State of Emergency Instead of rational policies and programs aimed at mitigating climate change, and protecting the environment for the betterment of all people and all species, today and tomorrow, and over and above the obscene but ongoing tax breaks and expenditures in devastating energy industries, the military-industrial complex has invested billions of dollars into research and development of weather-as-weapon technologies.
July and August, 2002, saw record heat waves for
days straight in the western USA. For six U.S. states - the Carolinas,
Georgia, and Virginia in the east, Colorado and Wyoming in the west - July
wrapped up the driest August-to-July year in their history.
Several Western states, struggling with arid
pastures, range, and cropland, were declared agricultural disaster areas by
the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The U.S. Forest Service saw one of the
worst wildfire years in history: More than 4 million acres burned, nearly
twice the average year-to-date over the past decade.
Only the state of Texas bucked the trend:
In July 2002, the northern California city of
Redding saw record-breaking temperatures of 115 degrees; in Bakersfield,
some 400 miles away, the temperature reached 109. [277]
The mercury also hit the all-time record of 108
for the second straight day in Reno, Nevada, and rose to 109 in Boise,
Idaho. Meanwhile, in Texas, over a foot of rain fell in record time, causing
major flooding. Massive fires raged throughout the west.
On April 28, 2002, an,
By March 14, 2002, widespread droughts plagued
most of the U.S.: Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, New Jersey, Massachusetts
and Virginia saw the driest September to February ever.
These droughts persist: in some areas the
aggregate precipitation deficits “are comparable to missing a full year of
rain.” The entire state of Wyoming was declared a drought disaster area.
[279] Montana is reverting to desert. [280]
The southern U.S. has seen an absence of frost
in some areas. [281] May 18th brought over 3 inches of
snow to parts of New England.
The tundra and ice of Russia, Alaska, Canada and Greenland has begun to thaw, there are changes in species’ behaviors and migrations, and species even recently prolific are absent. To the horror of indigenous peoples, places where they have always known only icepack have become open sea.
As we might predict from a world inclined to
ignore or suppress evidence of climatic mayhem,
The past existence of “doomsayers” and
“alarmists” does not preclude the need for immediate action.
Many of the so-called “alarmists” have been
vindicated by evidence that their predictions greatly underestimated the
imminent cataclysms. Little substantive change, in a positive sense, has
occurred since the first warnings were issued decades ago, and public
subsidies and public policies dictated by multinational corporations have
accelerated our demise. [283]
International agreements already being implemented, and climate-change protocols on the books, and treaties currently under debate, will not stop climatic mayhem. Climatic mayhem manifests globally and locally as severe weather events: ice storms, tornadoes, hurricanes, droughts, floods, heat waves and earthquakes. Access to clean water and fresh air are basic human rights, and as it is with agriculture, energy, fisheries, and forestry, access to these has been compromised by the inability and unwillingness of state and federal regulators, and the people at large, to deal with human-induced climate change.
In combination with other major social and
environmental factors, it is expected to increasingly cause:
No one is immune, and, here again, it would
behoove us all to recall that money cannot be eaten. [284]
Our systems of economic accounting (e.g. GDP, GNP) count as profits all the coal and oil the world consumes, but fail to enter the resulting environmental and social damage on the global balance sheet. “A nation could exhaust its mineral reserves, cut down it’s forests, erode its soils, pollute its aquifers, and hunt its wildlife to extinction - all without affecting measured income.” [285] The science of climate change, the oil and coal industry have spent millions to tell us, is far from clear. The nuclear industry peddles its poisons, on the other hand, promising us that they are “clean and safe” antidotes to greenhouse warming. The interests of the energy industries and the policies they have peddled at the state and federal levels reflect a business-as-usual attitude that is arrogant, indifferent and hostile to all life.
Indeed, the reality is that billions of dollars
are being pumped into programs serving the defense and intelligence
imperatives of climate modification and weather warfare.
Through the mysterious teleconnections of the earth’s climate, the effects of distant climate behavior are seen in weather instabilities, severe storms and shifting precipitation patterns - localized - throughout the United States. Cases of equine encephalitis, the worst winter drought in the history of the state (2001/2002), the decline in offshore fish stocks are all teleconnected to greater human-induced environmental instabilities.
It is precisely the dearth of human scientific
knowledge - in sharp contradistinction to the arrogance of western empirical
science - given the already visible effects of climatic mayhem, which
dictates that a revolution in human thought and action is imperative.
We are already dealing with the dire consequences - no matter how innocent or unconscious or malicious are the causes - of human ignorance, technological arrogance, military adventurism and simple greed. [286]
We have reached a point where we can no longer
be sure, with absolute certainty, that day will follow night and water will
always flow downhill.
(As any mathematician will tell you, such is the
nature of non-linear processes, threshold effects and boundary value
instabilities.)
Back to Contents
In biocentric, rather than anthropocentric,
terms, life as we know it is on the threshold. The environmental system, in
particular the earth’s climate, used to be regarded as relatively stable in
the face of human insults. But now it is widely believed to have multiple
local equilibria that are not highly stable. [288]
Human-induced environmental degradation - or scientific and military arrogance in tampering with atmospheric systems or nuclear devices - may provoke nonlinear or threshold effects in the atmospheric and hydrological systems that could produce sudden shifts in the climate to a new - and potentially very undesirable - equilibrium. An oft-cited example is the potential to alter the direction of major ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream. [289]
An abrupt shift of deep ocean currents could cut
off the northward flow of warm water in the Atlantic so that, within a
decade, the climate of much of Europe could go into a deep freeze.
[290]
Imminent and far-reaching actions are essential, not to reverse the most severe ecological damage we have already done, but only to slow those effects and prevent greater catastrophe. Feedback mechanisms will continue to exert pressures on the environmental system long after we have ceased or modified our human actions.
Nonlinear processes involve instabilities and
forces of unpredictable magnitude, duration and frequency. [291]
We are now facing multiple resource scarcities that exhibit powerful interactive, feedback and threshold effects. The multiple impacts of severe storms, agricultural decline, ozone depletion, pollution and human population have created an indeterminate and unpredictable mix. People are committed to patterns of resource consumption, the momentum is staggering, and even many of the people who are already aware of the need for alternative energies and lifestyles are reluctant, unable or unwilling to change. Humankind will face multiple resource shortages that are interacting and unpredictable, that grow to crises proportions rapidly, and that will be hard to address because of powerful commitments to certain consumption patterns.
Growing population, consumption and
environmental factors will increase social friction.
To transition from the preceding analysis into a
discussion about economic impacts - in the United States, for example - is
obscene.
However much people in the United States and
Canada consider themselves to be sufficiently divorced from the seas of
human misery, their future lies in helping - not abandoning - the developing
world. To drive this home we now address the financial and economic costs,
in the United States, of the current course we are on.
Study after study - not funded by the oil and coal industry - has shown that every dollar spent on conservation, energy efficiency and renewable energies creates far more jobs than the equivalent amounts spent on fossil fuels. [293] The National Climatic Data Center reports that,
Nonetheless, popular publications like World
Climate Report continue to debunk basic and obvious realities with the
most circuitous Orwellian and Kafkaesque arguments.
At the same time, when a news article of some
substance is printed, these and similar publications blame the media - which
they have so successfully courted and influenced - for publishing articles
intent on scaring and deceiving the public.
For example, the Greening Earth Society’s World Climate Report says:
This is certain:
Indeed, that is scary.
We are, in many ways, doomed to suffer that
which we have allowed or created or silently accepted. We should be scared.
Unless revolutionary changes are instituted at the most basic levels,
immediately, the world will increasingly suffer unprecedented cataclysms,
resulting in widespread human, plant and animal suffering and death.
The United States - even its richest and most
powerful citizens - are not immune. To the glee of the flat earth climate
skeptics, and the public deceptions industry, and the corporations behind
them however, numerous accountings of the economic costs have been
studiously dismissed, denied and buried.
Mechanized forestry combined with resource depletion continues to eliminate human labor even as corporate public relations trumpet (mythical) job creation, as they log and destroy pristine areas. Meanwhile the logging industry blames job losses on environmentalists and conservation programs.
In British Columbia it is estimated that in the
period from 1981-1992 only 500 of the 24,000 direct forest industry job
losses were due to wilderness preservation (In BC, more people work in
tourism than in forestry). [296]
The travel and tourism industry will suffer enormous losses as the specter of acute violence, refugee flows, epidemics, and widespread suffering outside the country reaches the awareness of the public and, in turn, drives protectionism, xenophobia and isolation at home.
International and domestic tourism will be hard
hit as the effects of severe weather conjoin with population, pollution,
social strife and resource depletion to eat away at national forests and
monuments, wildlife refuges, conservation areas, beaches and marine parks.
In July and August of 2002, for example, severe drought plagued the fishing
economy of the U.S.: Colorado’s annual $900 million fishing economy was
devastated. [297]
External groups marginalized by the inequalities of globalization, and some privileged groups of richer countries, will increasingly retaliate against American interests: most vulnerable will be international tourists, backpackers and traveling business people.
Crime within developed countries will increase
as employment shrinks and people of all classes increasingly resort to
illegal activities in anger, retaliation and desperation.
Crime will be random, committed by individuals,
and it will be organized, committed by gangs hardened across ethnic,
religious and class cleavages. This will further justify an authoritarian
state response, at taxpayer’s expense.
Domestic violence, rape, alcohol, racial and religious scapegoating, and racial profiling will increase and further contribute to violent crime. (Such social costs, not easily calculated, are very significant). Security firms, security equipment and professional thugs will proliferate, at high costs, becoming increasingly unaffordable to the average citizen.
Nonetheless, insurance firms will mandate high
investments in security equipment for homeowners and businesses.
Health care costs will increase substantially. Drugs will become less effective, more expensive, and, as the social fabric unravels in parallel with greater authoritarian control, and the controls on corporations and oversights on medical regulations are compromised, we can predict a greater propensity for drugs to simultaneously deliver adverse side-effects and unforeseen risks. (This is already happening, and it is called risk-assessment, and it is the calculated statistical expectation of a certain level of mortality.) Disease will hamper economic productivity.
Manufacturing, energy, defense, travel and
service industries will suffer as production, human efficiency and
attendance are increasingly impacted by mental or physical illness, or the
imperatives of mitigating sudden threats or losses to private property.
Corporations will exploit these conditions, optimizing productivity and
costs by choosing from increasingly desperate pools of labor. This is
already happening.
As the economies of the greater world continue to decline and collapse - which has happened to varying extent in different geographical areas - or transition into permanent states of war - as some regions have already done - the emerging markets and the banking systems propped up and manipulated by western capital will further decline and collapse.
This will exert tremendous downward pressure on
centers of trade, finance and manufacturing in the North.
Disruptions in fresh water systems will continue to degrade and impact human health. Public water and sewage systems’ maintenance and operations costs will sap budgets, and we can expect greater social strife as clean water scarcity drives private sector resource capture [299] - leading to monopolies and controls on water purification, distribution, accessibility and costs. Environmental and health disasters will exhaust relief budgets. Taxpayers pay for disaster assistance by the government, and all policyholders pay for insurance losses through higher insurance premiums.
Severe storms cause death, homelessness,
property damage and psychological damage to victims.
The insurance industry will both capitalize and capitulate on their responsibilities and opportunities in the highly volatile environment characterized by unpredictable weather, severe storms, disasters, and the related losses to life and property. Auditing firms like Arthur Andersen, Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand will continue to manipulate the financial records, deferring losses and hiding costs, to maximize the profits of insurance (and other) corporations at the public expense.
Insurance companies have already imposed caps on
how much insurance they will write in certain areas. [300]
Absent a vibrant state and national government - with individuals accountable to the public trust - corporations will for some time continue to secure government (taxpayer) subsidies and bailouts, to defer the substantial losses (direct and indirect) related to environmental disruption.
Shareholders - for the most part - will continue
to be defrauded even as directors pocket tens of millions of dollars
annually in basic salaries, stocks, bonds, insurance benefits and special
bonuses. Investment funds, pensions plans, social securities and other
financial safety nets will increasingly defraud long-term investors and
retirees: for the average middle- and lower-class citizen, most will fail or
disappear without warning.
The many social, financial and economic ills that will beset U.S. citizens as environmental disruption proceeds and accelerates will stress and paralyze the legal system. The cases of India and Nigeria provide perfect examples of what can be expected here. State and federal legal institutions will become increasingly costly and unmanageable, as more and more citizens pursue legitimate grievances within the courts. Many citizens will remain marginalized, incapable of defraying the most basic legal costs.
The further saturation of the legal field with
the recently graduated law students will further bog down an already
paralyzed system. Prisons will proliferate, at further taxpayer expense.
Special military courts and tribunals will
convene and extra-judicially override legitimate legal institutions.
Finally, we have the specter of authoritarianism.
Given the social consequences of environmental
disruption, in tandem with increasing urbanization, rising population, and
declining standards of living, one can easily support the conclusion that
there will be significant increases in the size and intrusiveness of federal
internal and external security forces.
Back to Contents 18. The Falsification of Consciousness Perhaps the most devastating fact of climatic mayhem is the evidence that it is the desired state of affairs, and that climatic mayhem may actually be desired and facilitated by the U.S. military, aerospace, defense and intelligence establishment. The extent of the subterfuge we as American citizens face from our leadership, and our media institutions, can be mildly gleamed from the above. Unfortunately, this is but the tip of the weather warfare and environmental modification iceberg.
The material in this report is readily available
to the general (world) public.
Given that an individual outside the classified
sectors of government can so easily access this information, we can take
this as a powerful testament to the vast assortment of information, research
and development that must exist, and retain classification, within the
defense and intelligence arena.
Much of the general public remains apathetic, disinterested, and confused by the climate skeptics and the huge propaganda machine. The debate centers on whether there is clear scientific rationale to address climate change. The disparity between public perceptions and military realities is monumental.
The current public debate around climate
protocols and greenhouse gas emissions only serves to facilitate greater
military adventurism, at the expense of American citizens, at the expense of
democracy, to the greater devastation of earth and all its life forms.
Thus do we draw the following conclusions from the limited research provided above:
|
Monday, May 19, 2014
Out of The Blue ~ Space Drones,Black Programs,Unveiling of U.S. Military Offensives in Weather as a Weapon, The Coming Permanent State of Emergency
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