When Fake Videos Go Viral: What the Fake Syria Sniper Boy Video Tell Us About “Media Experts”
Many mainstream media
websites helped a fake video go viral this month. The video showing a
young Syrian boy running through sniper fire to save a little girl, was
exposed as a fake when the Norwegian producer Lars Klevberg made the
fact public. One of the stated aims of the Norwegian film makers was to “see how the media would respond to a fake video.” This article examines how that experiment went.
The western press very quickly
accepted the video as real and used it to support the US
administration’s narrative on Syria. Many top US news sources began to
spread the story. Even though the producer said he explicitly added big
hints that the video was fake, like the children surviving multiple gun
shots.
Propagating false stories on Syria, is nothing new for the western
press. In the lead up to the conflict many stories were exposed as
frauds, such as the Anti-government activist “Gay Girl in Damascus” which turned out to be a middle-aged American man in Scotland. Syrian Danny Abdul Dayem which was frequently interviewed by CNN was using fake gun fire and flames in his interviews.
The fake sniper video wasn’t enough to support US government narratives by itself, as the now deleted original
upload didn’t suggest the identity of the snipers. So the west’s media
suggested that it was Syrian military snipers that were targeting the
children without any evidence. Journalists failed to mention how they
reached the conclusion that an actor in Malta was shot by the Syrian
military. It may be that the western press is quick to trust pro-rebel
sources, as the video was uploaded by the pro-rebel Sham Times along
with their own twist.
The Guardian’s headline for the video was “Syrian boy ‘saves girl from army sniper’” and the Telegraph delicately suggested the Syrian military was responsible for the fake bullets. The International Business (IB) times stated,
“the snipers, who reportedly are said to be the government forces loyal
to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.” IB Times never explicitly
mentioned who reported this information. They then took it a step
further and concluded the article with “the incident certainly is not
the first time that Pro-Assad gunmen have targeted children”. Well it is
at least not the first time the mainstream media has presented false
reports as fact. In 2012, CNN claimed
a bullet that killed a four year old girl in Aleppo was shot by
government snipers even whilst admitting the bullet came from rebel held
buildings.Other journalists took to Twitter to make unfounded claims about army snipers targeting the boy. Vinnie O’Dowd who has done work for Channel 4 and Al Jazeera tweeted “Syrian Regime Targets kids. Liz Sly of the Washington Post tweeted incredulously that “Soldiers kept shooting” at children.
These tweets were inline with an official State Department Twitter account @ThinkAgain_DOS which blamed Assad
for the fictitious bullets in the film. This casts doubt on how deeply
the US administration scrutinizes information it bases it’s policy on.
In 2013 they relied heavily on video footage provided by rebels to
support its planned attack on Syria in the wake the Ghouta chemical
attack.
But it isn’t just the mainstream media that was easily duped by the convenient propaganda film. The video experts that were asked to scrutinise the video, failed to recognise that the video was a fraud. The Telegraph stated that upon enquiry ‘experts told them they had no reason to doubt that the video is real”. International Business Times went a step further spinning the statement to “experts told The Telegraph that they have no doubts on the authenticity of the footage.”
This is very strange since both children in the film walk away after being directly and repeatedly hit by bullets. The creators of the film said he purposely scripted this as a big hint that the video is fake. The lack of scrutiny the media experts employed suggests incompetence or the same level of bias as the media that employs them .
Heather Saul of the Independent wrote that one of the ‘Middle East experts” she showed the video to was from Human Rights Watch. Indeed, Human Rights Watch European Media Director Andrew Stroehlein, showed no doubt on the authenticity of the film when he tweeted it out to his followers. The New York based human rights organisation is not new at tweeting false information, last month they used an image of the Odessa fire, where US-backed militia’s burned thirty two people to death, as an example of ‘Putin’s repressive policies’. In 2008 Venezuela expelled two HRW staff members accused of “anti-state activities” after producing a report against the Chavez government. Guardian journalist Hugh O’Shaughnessy accused HRW of using false and misleading information in the report, as well as pro-Washington bias. In 2009 HRW received financial donations from the Saudi government which may, in part, explain the anti-Syrian slant.
HRW
employed so called video expert Eliot Higgins and his colleague Daniel
Kaszeta to investigate the August 21 chemical attack in Ghouta, and
quickly reached the conclusion the Syrian government was behind the
attack. Daniel Kaszeta was referred to as a fraud by prominent physicist
and MIT Professor Theodore Postol. HRW’s CEO Kenneth Roth recently used
a report by Eliot Higgins to make unfounded claims about
Ukrainian rebels shooting down Malaysian flight MH17. Heather Saul did
not respond to questions on whether Eliot Higgins was one of the expert
she asked for advice. However the mainstream media’s most often quoted
video expert, did not recognise that the video was a fraud, tweeting cautiously that he wasn’t sure if it was authentic but gave the video a reaction non the less.
However many viewers who aren’t referred to as video or
Middle East experts, immediately recognised the video was a fraud and
flooded social media sites Twitter and Youtube with doubts on its
authenticity. If Heather Saul had used these individuals as experts
rather than HRW, she would have reached the correct conclusion about the
video. But perhaps it is this unbias eye that the mainstream media
avoids. The vast majority of Higgin’s conclusions support US government
narratives and agendas, and that’s the kind of bias the mainstream media
prefers.
Blaming the ProducerInstead of humbly accepting blame for spreading disinformation, many western journalists and their experts reacted by blaming the producer of the film. The collective rage of the entire mainstream media forced the film’s producer to delete any trace of this 30,000 dollar experiment. Some journalists took to Twitter to express their rage at being exposed as easily duped by convenient propaganda.
The experts that were fooled by the video also strongly protested. HRW posted a complaint that the fake video “eroded the public trust in war reporting’, in other words blind trust in HRW analysis and war propaganda. Eliot Higgins posted an open letter to the producer of the film on his website Bellingcat, condemning the film.
GlobalPost referred to the film as ‘irresponsible and dangerous’ but not because it could be used to promote wars and make false accusations. What the real danger to the mainstream media and their experts seems to be, is that as a result of the films exposure as a fraud, future video claims may now have to be properly scrutinized and the public may not be so unquestioning in future. However it is the journalists’ lack of scrutiny that is truly what is irresponsible and dangerous. Had the director not admitted the film was fake, these journalists more than likely would have kept promoting the story as an example of Syrian Army war crimes.
Maram Susli also known as “Syrian Girl,” is an activist-journalist and social commentator covering Syria and the wider topic of geopolitics. especially for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”.
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