---BREAKAWAY CIVILIZATION ---ALTERNATIVE HISTORY---NEW BUSINESS MODELS--- ROCK & ROLL 'S STRANGE BEGINNINGS---SERIAL KILLERS---YEA AND THAT BAD WORD "CONSPIRACY"--- AMERICANS DON'T EXPLORE ANYTHING ANYMORE.WE JUST CONSUME AND DIE.---
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Tuesday, May 24, 2016
What is Li-Fi? How does Li-Fi work? Wi-Fi vs Li-Fi vs Wi-Fi HaLow: Li-Fi for iPhone: The ultimate definition of Li-Fi ~ hehe so hey man,if this shit works ? you could send this shit OUT INTO SPACE !!! (& if "they" are slowly "releasing" this "stuff" OUT of the black,Black,BLACK World ..u know "they" already 'got' IT ) folks "our" World is GONNA change,Change,CHANGE & me's doesn't 'think' it's THAT far ........off Oops
Li-Fi claims to be 100 times faster than standard Wi-Fi. But what exactly is it and how does it work?
Updated 31st March 2016: Li-Fi is reportedly being tested in Dubai, by UAE-based
telecommunications provider, du and Zero1. Du claims to have
successfully provided internet, audio and video streaming over a Li-Fi
connection. Read on to find out how Li-Fi works and what this means for the future. Credit: iStock/themacx
Light Fidelity or Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications (VLC) system running wireless communications travelling at very high speeds.
Li-Fi uses common household LED (light emitting diodes)
lightbulbs to enable data transfer, boasting speeds of up to 224
gigabits per second.
The term Li-Fi was coined by University of Edinburgh
Professor Harald Haas during a TED Talk in 2011. Haas envisioned light
bulbs that could act as wireless routers.
Subsequently, in 2012 after four years of research, Haas set
up company pureLiFi with the aim 'to be the world leader in Visible
Light Communications technology'.
Li-Fi and Wi-Fi are quite similar as both transmit data
electromagnetically. However, Wi-Fi uses radio waves while Li-Fi runs on
visible light.
As we now know, Li-Fi is a Visible Light Communications
(VLC) system. This means that it accommodates a photo-detector to
receive light signals and a signal processing element to convert the
data into 'stream-able' content.
An LED lightbulb is a semi-conductor light source meaning
that the constant current of electricity supplied to an LED light bulb
can be dipped and dimmed, up and down at extremely high speeds, without
being visible to the human eye.
For example, data is fed into an LED light bulb (with signal
processing technology), it then sends data (embedded in its beam) at
rapid speeds to the photo-detector (photodiode).
The tiny changes in the rapid dimming of LED bulbs is then converted by the 'receiver' into electrical signal.
The signal is then converted back into a binary data stream
that we would recognise as web, video and audio applications that run on
internet enables devices. [You might also like: What is microservices?]
Big data crashes the Tour de France - insight on wheels or plain confusing?
Cycling has turned into a test for computing. Can big data possibly explain the world's most most complex sport?
At the end of the week when big data feeds and handlebar-cams collided with the Tour de France for the first time in history it’s time to ask ‘la question évidente’ - is the world any the wiser? So far Dimension Data’s detailed feed has
attracted the most attention, with puzzled TV presenters and sports
journalists divided about the insight offered up by this startling new
world. On the one hand, fans were told just how fast sprinters really go
with super-sprinter Andre Greipel hitting 69.44km/h on the intermediate
sprint on Stage 3, to pick out only one nugget, the sort of trivial but
fascinating data that would up to now have been pure guesswork. On the same stage on a downhill segment, Lars Boom of Astana reached
an extraordinary 108km/h at the 144km mark while on Stage 7 winner Mark
Cavendish ambled along at an average speed of 42.74km/h. All fascinating stuff no doubt but there has been the odd hiccup, joyfully pounced upon by a surprisingly sceptical press corps. On stage 7, for instance, mid-stage data from GPS transponders
located under the riders’ seats appeared to show sprinters Cavendish,
Greipel and Peter Sagan were three seconds apart (about 33 metres at
average speeds) despite the TV images showing them as almost joined at
the hip. That had the commentators chortling at the failings of AI in
the sky. Meanwhile there have been mutterings about who actually owns all of
the data being poured onto Dimension Data’s live tracking website, both
from teams and journalists. The answer almost certainly is organisers
ASO although the latter business empire appear to have bowed to team
sensitivity in keeping some competitive data away from prying eyes. This will become more obvious in mountain stages where teams and
their rivals will be able to work out how many watts a particular riders
was burning by calculating distance and time with great accuracy.
They’ll even have precise wind direction and speed data and altitudes to
make it more precise. In cycling that sort of stuff is gold because it
suggests form and strength. In a data pincer movement of sorts, GoPro’s HERO4 cameras mounted on rider’s handlebars
have offered up a totally new view of what is like to ride the Tour
from inside the action. These have been used experimentally for a couple
of years now but this is the first time the outside world has been
given this view of a major race such as Le Tour. Of course, interest in handle-cams tends to hone in on crashes such
as the cyclists-as-skittles footage from Stage 5 although the insight it
gave into the treacherous sprint finish is just as illuminating. Eventually,, the rider speed, position and proximity data will be
integrated into the camera footage and Mark Cavendish’s recent complaint
that people treat sprints as if they are PlayStation events will have
come true in ironic fashion. But it’s clear that cycling will never be quite the same again and
professionals will adjust. In two years they’ll scream loudly if a feed
goes down. For decades cycling has been a strange sporting pauper outside the
mainstream but it has finally pulled off a coup. They said it was the
sport whose inner secrets were almost impossible to see, too chaotic to
understand. The odd wrinkle aside, big data says they were wrong.
Image credit: GoPro/ASO
Dimension Data completes big data analytics and digital delivery platform for Tour de France
Dimension Data set to deliver big data cycling analytics platform for the first time in the history of professional cycling Dimension
Data today announced that it has completed its big data analytics and
digital delivery platform from which the company will deliver real-time
information on individual riders for the first time in the history of
professional cycling. This major innovation was made possible by
Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) in partnership with the 22 teams
participating in the 2015 Tour de France. Highly accurate data will be
collected through the use of live trackers under the saddle of each
rider. Dimension Data will then process and analyse the data, and make
it available to cycling fans, commentators, broadcasters and the media. When
the Tour de France begins on Saturday, the viewing public around the
world will be able to follow all 198 riders in 22 teams real-time, and
be able to track the speed at which each cyclist is riding, exactly
where he's positioned in the race in relation to other cyclists, and the
distance between each rider - all via a beta live tracking website. Dimension
Data's Executive Chairman, Jeremy Ord, said, “The technology will allow
cycling fans to follow the race in ways they've never been able to
before. Until now it was difficult to understand what was happening
outside of what could be shown on the live television coverage. The
ability to follow riders, get accurate information about which riders
are in a group, and see real time speed are just some of the innovations
that will be realised through this solution. During the duration of the
three week race, we'll be rolling out a range of new capabilities,
including a beta live tracking website.” The real time analytics
solution will take the data provided by a third party geo localization
transmission component, undertake data cleansing and analysis, and
provide access to this data as both a real time data stream, and a
historical archive. Ord said Dimension Data carried out testing
during the Critérium du Dauphiné race which was held in France from 7 to
14 June. “We analysed one cyclist cycling at an astounding 104
kilometres per hour. This type of data has not been available in the
past.” All data analysed will be available through a beta live
tracking website. This allows fans to select their favorite rider to
follow, monitor the race on their phone or tablet (through a responsive
design beta website) while they watch it live on the television, and
gain access to additional data insights. The 198 riders in 22
teams will generate 42,000 geospatial points and 75 million GPS
readings. In addition, the live tracking website is built to support 17
million viewers and 2000 page requests per second. Data on riders will
be processed in Dimension Data's cloud platform across five continents
consuming over 350 000 000 cpu cycles per second. Brett Dawson,
Dimension Data's Group CEO said there are multiple layers to the
innovation required to deliver the solution for ASO. We needed to
implement cutting edge technology in the form of advanced real time
analytics and a highly contemporary digital platform that's able to
provide innovative insights into the race that have never been available
before. “Dimension Data is bringing a new level of technical
capability to the Tour de France in areas that will transform the
technology landscape, including internet of things, real time big data
analytics, Elastic Cloud Infrastructure, contemporary digital platforms,
advanced collaboration technologies, and agile development practices.
We'll be their ‘Technical Tour de Force'.” Christian Prudhomme,
Tour de France Director said, "This top notch technological development
will enable a better analysis of the race, highlight the race tactics,
and also show how essential in this sport is each rider's role within
his team. It will now be possible to understand how to prepare for a
sprint finish in the last few kilometres of a stage, feel the wind's
impact on the rider's speed, and so much more. Our efforts combined with
those of Dimension Data will permanently change the way we follow
cycling and the Tour de France.” From 2016 for the next four
years, ASO and Dimension Data will work closely together to extend and
enhance the platform to deliver a range of innovative end-user
experiences
As big data hits the Tour de France, cycling will never be the same again
Dimension Data website will track riders' positions, speeds and proximity to rivals in real time ~ man i wish i would've found THIS last year LOL
http://www.techworld.com/news/personal-tech/as-big-data-hits-tour-de-france-cycling-will-never-be-same-again-3618356/Which Tour de France
cyclists are on a good day and which ones are desperately fighting the
gears in the grupetto a kilometre behind the leaders? Normally, this sort of precious information is guesswork even to
expert cycling commentators and journalists who rely on race radio
broadcasts and the same confusing TV feeds as everyone else to build a
picture of how each of the 21 stages is unfolding.
But from the 2015 edition,
which kicks off this Saturday, this is about to change for anyone
watching the world’s most extreme sports event dressed up to look like a
countryside cycle jaunt, including the millions of devoted bike fans
around the globe.
For the first time in the history of the Tour de France -
and possibly sport itself - fans following the race on TV or the
Internet will be able to track the performance of the 198 competitors in
real time using data fed to a website from a GPS sensor fitted under
competitors’ saddles.
Also see our Big Data and the Tour de France picture gallery
The result of a tie-up between the company that owns and runs the Tour de France, the ASO, and data services firm Dimension Data, the
GPS tracker conveys data such as a rider’s speed, their proximity other
competitors and, of course, their exact position on the road.
Normally such intimate data would be the preserve of teams,
which also have access to private biological data such as heart-rate and
power output which won’t be part of the feed.
It’s a once unimaginable step up for fans, indeed the entire
cycling industry, and might come to be seen as a nuisance for the
riders themselves, most of whom would rather that their bad day in the
mountains trailing the contenders wasn’t so publically visible to the
entire Internet.
“The technology will allow cycling fans to follow the race
in ways they’ve never been able to before,” commented Dimension Data
executive chairman, Jeremy Ord, employing under-statement.
“Until now it was difficult to understand what was happening
outside of what could be shown on the live television coverage. The
ability to follow riders, get accurate information about which riders
are in a group, and see real time speed are just some of the innovations
that will be realised through this solution.
“During the duration of the three week race, we’ll be
rolling out a range of new capabilities, including a beta live tracking
website.”
Building the analytics platform to process all of this data in real time had been demanding, he said.
According to the firm, the 198 riders will generate 42,000
heo-spatial points and 75 million GPS readings for a website expected to
be viewed by 17 million visitors at a rate of 2,000 page requests per
second to the company’s cloud data centres.
Fans and journalists alike will also get access to a
historical view of each rider’s performance over the three-week Tour the
better to settle arguments about who has been pulling their weight,
sometimes literally - or not.
Big data has been used for some time to analyse the basic
sporting performance in sports such as football but this has never been
offered to the public in real time with no mediation.
Cycling is probably the most complex sport ever conceived
when it comes to understanding what is going on. Tour de France stages
often exceed 200 kilometres each, across high mountains, through bad
weather, with even the race cameras mounted on motorbikes and
helicopters getting only a letterbox view on the action.
"This top notch technological development will enable a
better analysis of the race, highlight the race tactics, and also show
how essential in this sport is each rider’s role within his team,” said
Tour de France director, Christian Prudhomme, who has always been keen
to promote innovations to expand cycling's horizons beyond narrow
tradition.
“It will now be possible to understand how to prepare for a
sprint finish in the last few kilometres of a stage, feel the wind’s
impact on the rider’s speed, and so much more. Our efforts combined with
those of Dimension Data will permanently change the way we follow
cycling and the Tour de France.”
The technology behind the new system had a test run-out on
the bike of 2014 Tour de France winner Vincenzo Nibali at the recent
warm-up competition, the Critérium du Dauphiné.
“We analysed one cyclist cycling at an astounding 104
kilometres per hour,” noted Dimension Data’s Ord, a reference to the
dangerous downhill speeds riders often attain in an effort to keep up.
"This type of data has not been available in the past.”
What would 1950's Italian icon of global cycling Fausto
Coppi have thought about all of this? Most likely he'd have rejoiced
loudly as long as the system said arch rival Gino Bartali was behind
him.
The Most Powerful Man In Cycling Data?
An interview with Robby Ketchell, Chief Data Scientist at Team Sky
The world of sport has become a numbers dominated space. Whilst
athletes and coaches used to be the sole recipients of the data, today
it is permeating through every part of sport, from the ways in which
fans interact with their favourite teams, through to how bars in
stadiums are stocked. Throughout this transformation, some sports
have moved from focussing on tradition and what has worked for decades,
into powerhouses of data. The best example of this is cycling, where
traditional training techniques were still being used and unfortunately
improvements tended to come from the use of illegal substances rather
than pure athleticism. The rise of data use has seen this doping
culture more or less obliterated as teams like Team Sky and Giant
Alpecin have seen huge successes whilst openly avoiding performance
enhancing drugs. In fact, the policy of marginal gains implemented by
Sir Dave Brailsford at Team Sky would not be possible without the
extensive use of data and data gathering techniques. This same policy
was responsible for Sir Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome winning the
2012 and 2013 Tour de France races. With this approach now being
adopted by several other teams, the race is now on to implement marginal
gains 2.0. To help with this search, Team Sky brought Robby Ketchell on
board to help with their analytics and data programmes. Despite
admitting that they are doing this better than any other cycling team at
the moment, Brailsford admits that “We are, but even the most
sophisticated data-driven companies such as Google and Facebook are
constantly evolving and changing,”. This makes Robby the man in charge
of the data at the most data driven cycling team in the world, is he
therefore the most powerful man in cycling data? Robby’s role at
Team Sky sees him working with their data to find the small incremental
improvements that will hopefully bring about further improvements to the
team. He has an impressive history of success with the Garmin-Sharp
(now Cannondale-Garmin) team, where he worked with cyclists such as
David Millar and Bradley Wiggins. Ahead of his presentation at
the Sports Analytics Innovation Summit in San Francisco, we spoke to
Robby about the change in cycling, his role at Team Sky and the
datafication of sport in general. Innovation Enterprise: Do you think that cycling has now become a numbers based sport? Robby
Ketchell: Numbers have always been a big part of sports, not just
cycling. Endurance sports in general have recently become more and more
data dependent with new sensors that measure aspects of physiology and
physical performance. Cycling has grown to become more of a numbers
aware sport with similar sensors, social media and using humans as
sensors, onboard devices, and software dedicated to the analysis of all
of the data collected. Team Sky’s success has been
based largely on the idea of marginal gains, where do you see marginal
gains 2.0 taking us and how will powerful data gathering/analysis tools
help with this? Marginal gains is the concept of
continuing to improve every aspect of performance a little bit at a
time. Now that cycling has become a data rich environment, we're
continuing to seek improvements in the way we collect and interpret
data. We try to improve our performance by using data to make better
informed decisions. The Pro-Peloton is likely to
change considerably in the next few years with new technologies, such as
disc brakes, being introduced in 2016 - how important will data be in
the integration of these to improve performance? Every
time new equipment is introduced into the sport, sponsors and teams
spend a lot of time analyzing the performance of these innovations by
either going to labs like wind tunnels or testing in the field with
devices like the BATbox [a box that sits at the front of a bike to
calculate air resistance]. In addition, the athletes spend some time
testing the equipment and giving feedback so that we can optimize
performance. This is something that's important to the design of any
innovation, whether it be a piece of software or a new aerodynamic
wheel, getting the user's feedback helps drive the development. Using
data in conjunction with some of these subjective measures is important
to improve the performance as well as ensure the safety of the athletes.
Do you think that professional sports, and cycling
in particular, are close to being able to utilize traditionally business
focussed products like Hadoop, to help analyze performances? It
all depends on the goals and setup of each organization on whether
using these tools is appropriate. Everyone wants to get to the point
where they can do Big Data Analytics, but to get there we need to do a
lot of setup by warehousing and cleaning our data. Without these
initial steps, the analytics part is either not possible or only
possible for smaller projects. New tools are being developed every
day that help with this and as long as they're used correctly they can
provide a significant improvement to how teams share information and
discover new possibilities. With the proliferation of
data being available in sports, do you think this has had an effect on
the ability to identify potential doping cheats? We
now know so much more about the athletes due to increased data
collection. Athletes now have a footprint that didn't exist in the past,
which has allowed authorities to track performance gains and losses,
health, and monitor events that weren't possible a few years ago. This
puts authorities in a powerful position in regards to eliminating
doping, but it also comes with a big responsibility. No matter how
sophisticated technology gets, it is critical to take the results of any
analysis within context of the sport and the environment. Having
worked within sports science, especially within cycling, for a number
of years, how has the appreciation and understanding of data changed
since you first began? I think the biggest change is
the understanding that data can be used to discover new possibilities.
Previously, we used to do experiments with a hypothesis that something
would occur, and if it did we would say we were on to something. Now we
are finally getting to the point where people ask us to look at the
numbers and see if we can learn something.
Five Key Trends That Are Driving the Business of Sports
Some of the sports world’s top business leaders shared their insights at Stanford GSB’s inaugural Sports Innovation Conference.
April 28, 2014|byLoren Mooney, with additional reporting by Natalie White
A young baseball fan before a playoff game between the Oakland Athletics and Detroit Tigers | Reuters/Robert Galbraith
“What’s the difference between a customer
and a fan?” asked Vivek Ranadivé, leader of the ownership group of the
NBA’s Sacramento Kings, during the keynote kickoff to Stanford GSB’s
inaugural Sports Innovation Conference,
held in early April. “Fans will paint their face purple, fans will
evangelize. … Every other CEO in every business is dying to be in our
position — they’re dying to have fans.”
While fan passion is as old as sport
itself, leagues and franchises are now using cutting-edge technology not
just to build winning teams but also to capitalize on the ardor of
their customer base to grow another revenue source — corporate
sponsorships. Here are a few of the business trends that emerged from
the April conference.
Big data is changing basketball management — and the game itself
More than a decade ago, the Oakland A’s Major League Baseball team (and the book and movie Moneyball)
popularized the notion of using statistics with predictive modeling to
build a winning team. Teams in the NBA, such as the San Antonio Spurs,
have similarly used big data sets to help owners and coaches recruit
players and execute game plans. But the 2013-2014 NBA season is the
first for all teams to have SportVU tracking, a system of six cameras in
each arena that measures the movements of the ball and every player on
the court, generating an entire database of performance information.
“This is the first year we have more data than we can analyze,” said
Ranadivé, noting that more data had been generated this season than in
the league’s previous 67-year history.
The data are changing the way the game is
played, shifting emphasis from how many total points a player scores to
measures of player efficiency, productivity per touch, and defensive
effectiveness. “It has been hard, historically, to quantify defense,”
said Brian Kopp, senior vice president of STATS, the company that
developed SportVU player tracking. “Now we have four camera views
helping you do that.” In addition, the data have influenced the types of
shots players take on the court.
Golden State Warriors forward Andre
Iguodala said he uses the data to assess opponents via scouting reports,
but most players don’t pay much attention to it. “Some players aren’t
as productive if they’re thinking too much,” he said. Instead, the
data's greatest impact is in helping management build a team of
effective and compatible players.
Analytics alone won’t win you a title,
said Philadelphia 76ers general manager and president of basketball
operations Sam Hinkie, an early advocate of basketball big data when he
was with the Houston Rockets. “Fundamentally, success is still about the
judgment of the people you put in place,” he said, and analytics is a
tool to help those decision makers. With every team having the same deep
information, he said, the way to gain competitive advantage in the
future will be finding an analytics technique or technology from another
industry that can be applied to basketball in an innovative way. “The
interesting things are happening here, on Sand Hill Road [the location
of Silicon Valley venture capitalists] or with DARPA [Defense Advanced
Research Projects Agency] funding, or health care analytics. What’s key
is to beg, borrow, and steal from other contexts.”
Data analysis is also likely to contribute
to better biomechanics in sports as wearable devices determine how much
physical stress players have endured and may even eventually predict
the likelihood of injury so a player can be rested before he’s hurt,
said Kopp. “Right now, coaches and trainers are guessing a lot.”
The rise of “smart arenas”
Franchises are looking for ways to
capitalize on mobile technology to enhance the fan experience in their
homes and as spectators in stadiums and arenas. Mobile devices are
popular as “second screens” in home viewing of televised sports, but 70%
of fans bring a mobile device to the stadium or arena and expect to use
it during a game there as well, said Mark Craig of Cisco Systems Sports
& Entertainment Group, who has been involved with creating arena
Wi-Fi systems that will function with a dense population of users. The
new Sacramento Kings arena, set to open in 2016, will have mobile
applications for check-in, ushering you to your seat, indicating
shortest bathroom and concession lines, seat upgrade options (much like
what has been done in the airline industry), cashless commerce, and
in-seat wireless charging. The Kings are exploring the use of drone
technology to survey available parking spaces and even provide unique
in-arena camera angles, said team senior vice president of marketing and
strategy Ben Gumpert.
“Sports is a people business, so we’re
looking for ways to use technology to further engage with people,” said
John Abbamondi, vice president of the NBA’s Team Marketing &
Business Operations division. This could mean one day scanning a ticket
on your phone to enter the arena, which sends an alert to a service
representative to let them know it’s your birthday, so your favorite
cocktail can be delivered to your seat. “Each arena is like a lab,” he
said, trying out new programs to find what's successful in deepening
engagement and building new revenue.
One surprisingly underexplored avenue for
engagement is enhanced fan access to athletes during events, said Ward
Bullard, formerly head of sports for Google+ and now with SAP
Technology. These may include special fan invitations to pre-game
warm-ups or post-game press conferences, or standing next to a player
during the national anthem.
Such enhancements are possible because the
collection of personal data about fans would help teams “match the
experience that matters most with the right fans,” Gumpert said.
Cracking the code of even deeper fan engagement
Fans want to be connected to sports teams
and content anytime, anywhere in a continued migration to mobile, said
ESPN executive vice president John Kosner, noting that 43% of ESPN.com’s
audience came to them exclusively through mobile devices the previous
month.
One critical point of access is video,
added Bullard, noting that savvy leagues such as MLB and the NBA created
early partnerships with YouTube to host highlight compilations and
recaps of recent games to let fans watch on demand.
Ranadivé of the Kings said he approaches
the organization as, “much bigger than a sports team; it’s a social
network.” This includes the team’s development of ways to connect with
fans watching at home and engaging on their second screens, such as
Google+ Hangouts during games, and a “virtual T-shirt toss,” in which
registered fans are selected randomly to win a T-shirt through the
team’s app.
Clearly the social media connection is
vital across all leagues: NASCAR is developing a “digital cockpit” that
includes onboard telemetry and in-race social media interaction between
fans and drivers.
Social media has enabled direct
connections between fans and the athletes. Some players do weekly
Google+ Hangouts, giving their own first person perspective, said
Bullard, while others use video and social media to document their
experience from the NFL pre-draft scouting tryouts through the draft,
for example. On the lighter side, NBA players have done music parody
videos that are a hit with younger fans on YouTube.
It’s too soon to tell, though, whether so
much engagement will distract athletes, and hurt their performance or
increase their value. “If you have two athletes really close in talent,
would you choose the one who has a bigger social following?” Bullard
asked, suggesting that some in management are starting to indicate the
answer will be “yes.”
Using tech for sponsorship and integration
Sport sponsorship no longer means simply
attaching a corporate name to a stadium. Rather, it has become a
triangle of association between the team, the sponsor, and the
passionate fan.
It involves “taking two equivalent
products and creating some affinity between them through social
currency, not hard currency,” said Steve Pamon, head of sports and
entertainment marketing for JP Morgan Chase. Fans tend to be quite
active in liking or following a brand on social media because of its
association with a team, and 30% of fans who use social media to connect
with a sponsor later make a purchase because of the brand’s association
with the team. However, if the association doesn’t feel authentic or
comes on too strong, it can just as easily be a turnoff to fans.
Teams now have professionals on staff to
assemble marketing data, but intuition still plays a part in selling
sponsorships, said Mike Golub, president of business operations for the
MLS Portland Timbers. His team recently signed a deal with a local
chocolate company not because data showed chocolate lovers to be the
most passionate soccer fans, but because they felt helping the local
brand would also help theirs.
Stanford graduates cited in this story
are: John Abbamondi, MBA ‘04; Ward Bullard, BA ‘00; Mike Golub, MBA
‘88; Ben Gumpert, MBA ‘07; Sam Hinkie, MBA ‘05; and Steve Pamon, MBA
‘96.
